Which of the following reagents gives exclusively syn (or cis) addition to an alkene? Addition of water by Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst Addition of H-X Halohydrin formation O Addition of X₂ oxymercuration-demercuration

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**Question:**

Which of the following reagents gives exclusively syn (or cis) addition to an alkene?

- Addition of water by oxymercuration-demercuration
- Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst
- Addition of H-X
- Halohydrin formation
- Addition of X₂

**Explanation:**

This question addresses the concept of syn addition in organic chemistry, where both substituents are added to the same side (or face) of an alkene molecule. 

1. **Addition of water by oxymercuration-demercuration** generally results in Markovnikov addition without any specific stereochemistry, thus not exclusively syn.
  
2. **Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst** typically results in a syn addition as both hydrogen atoms are added to the same side of the alkene.

3. **Addition of H-X** (where X is a halogen) doesn't guarantee syn addition; it usually proceeds via a carbocation intermediate and can lead to a mixture of stereochemistry.

4. **Halohydrin formation** involves the addition of a halogen and a hydroxyl group across an alkene, usually with anti addition due to the formation of a halonium ion intermediate.

5. **Addition of X₂** (where X is a halogen) usually involves anti addition because of the cyclic halonium ion intermediate. 

Thus, **Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst** is the correct choice that provides exclusively syn addition to an alkene.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Which of the following reagents gives exclusively syn (or cis) addition to an alkene? - Addition of water by oxymercuration-demercuration - Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst - Addition of H-X - Halohydrin formation - Addition of X₂ **Explanation:** This question addresses the concept of syn addition in organic chemistry, where both substituents are added to the same side (or face) of an alkene molecule. 1. **Addition of water by oxymercuration-demercuration** generally results in Markovnikov addition without any specific stereochemistry, thus not exclusively syn. 2. **Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst** typically results in a syn addition as both hydrogen atoms are added to the same side of the alkene. 3. **Addition of H-X** (where X is a halogen) doesn't guarantee syn addition; it usually proceeds via a carbocation intermediate and can lead to a mixture of stereochemistry. 4. **Halohydrin formation** involves the addition of a halogen and a hydroxyl group across an alkene, usually with anti addition due to the formation of a halonium ion intermediate. 5. **Addition of X₂** (where X is a halogen) usually involves anti addition because of the cyclic halonium ion intermediate. Thus, **Addition of H₂ with Palladium catalyst** is the correct choice that provides exclusively syn addition to an alkene.
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