A gold leaf electroscope, which is often used in physics demon￾strations, consists of a metal tube with a metal ball at the top and a sheet of extremely thin gold leaf fastened at the other end. (See Figure 17.38.) The gold leaf is attached in such a way that it can pivot about its upper edge. (a) If a charged rod is brought close to (but does not touch) the ball at the top, the gold leaf pivots outward, away from the tube. Why? (b) What will the gold leaf do when the charged rod is removed? Why? (c) Suppose that the charged rod touches the metal ball for a second or so. What will the gold leaf do when the rod is removed in this case? Why?

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