A fluid enters a steady-flow system at a rate of 2.5 kg/s with an initial pressure of 0.70 MPa, density of 3.2 kg/m3, velocity of 30 m/s and internal energy of 1860 kJ/kg and leaves with a pressure of 0.14 MPa, density of 0.8 kg/m3, velocity of 150 m/s and internal energy of 1810 kJ/kg. During passage through the open system, each kg rejects 25 kJ of heat. Find the shaft work involve in horsepower. 1 hp = 746 W Ans. 194.2 hp

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.