(a) Explain the membrane filtration (MF) method used for testing water samples and sketch the experimental setup. (b) Based on Table 1, determine the coliform density of the water sample using the Thomas equation which was collected for coliform organisms near Sg. Bangan. Table 1: Data Results Sample dilution (mL) No. of total tubes No. of negative tubes 0.01 5 5 0.001 5 1 1:10000 5 3

(a) Explain the membrane filtration (MF) method used for testing water samples and sketch the experimental setup. (b) Based on Table 1, determine the coliform density of the water sample using the Thomas equation which was collected for coliform organisms near Sg. Bangan. Table 1: Data Results Sample dilution (mL) No. of total tubes No. of negative tubes 0.01 5 5 0.001 5 1 1:10000 5 3

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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2.61. The following MPN test results were obtained for three water samples. Determine the MPN/100 mL using (a) the Poisson distribu- tion [Eq. (2.90)], (b) the MPN tables given in Appendix G, and (c) the Thomas equation [Eq. (2.91)]. NUMBER OF POSITIVE TUBES SAMPLE SIZE, mL Sample A Sample B Sample C 0.1 0.01 4 0.001 0.0001 2150
Effluent discharges from two secondary clarifiers were sampled. The secondary clarifier “A” isoperated with the synthetic media trickling filter tank while secondary clarifier “B” is operatedwith the rock media trickling filter tank, respectively.-A 10 mL sample volume of “A” secondary clarifier is placed into a BOD bottle with 290 mL ofdilution water. The DO initial is measured to be 12.5 mg/L, and the DO final is measured to be 8.1mg/L.-A 10 mL sample volume of “B” secondary clarifier is placed into a BOD bottle with 290 mL ofdilution water. The DO initial is measured to be 14.5 mg/L, and the DO final is measured to be11.5 mg/L.a) Calculate the BOD5 concentrations for the secondary clarifier “A” and “B”, respectively
Effluent discharges from two secondary clarifiers were sampled. The secondary clarifier “A” isoperated with the synthetic media trickling filter tank while secondary clarifier “B” is operatedwith the rock media trickling filter tank, respectively.-A 10 mL sample volume of “A” secondary clarifier is placed into a BOD bottle with 290 mL ofdilution water. The DO initial is measured to be 12.5 mg/L, and the DO final is measured to be 8.1mg/L.-A 10 mL sample volume of “B” secondary clarifier is placed into a BOD bottle with 290 mL ofdilution water. The DO initial is measured to be 14.5 mg/L, and the DO final is measured to be11.5 mg/L.a) Calculate the BOD5 concentrations for the secondary clarifier “A” and “B”, respectively.b) Which secondary clarifier discharge would be the greatest nitrification efficiency in the bodyof water in above question (3a)? Justify your decision.
A primary clarifier is to be designed to treat a municipal wastewater. The influent to the clarifier has a flow rate of 7570 m³/d and a total suspended solids concentration of 320 mg/L. A laboratory settling test was performed with the following results: Suspended Solids Concentration (mg/L) at Given Depths Sampling Depth (m) Time (min) 0.61 1.22 246 2.44 272 243 1.83 3.05 10 230 262 282 20 157 195 230 253 30 115 160 211 221 230 45 90 134 163 179 195 60 48 102 131 154 170 90 29 58 86 115 141 (a) Determine the design overflow rate and detention time assuming 65% of the suspended solids are to be removed. Use typical scaling/safety factors as appropriate. (b) Determine the required diameter (to the nearest 0.1 m) and the required depth (to the nearest 0.01 m) for the clarifier.
Q3 (a) Describe briefly the main objective water quality and state the mainparameters involved in water quality analysis.(b) Determine the equivalent weight, concentration of each ion in mg/L as CaCO3and total hardness of the following water sample in Table Q3 (b).(c) 50 mL of wastewater sample has been diluted in a 300 mL BOD bottle forBOD5 20°C analysis. Assume that initial DO is 8.8 mg/L, whilst DO at the end of5 days is 4.5 mg/L, calculate the dilution factor (P) and estimate the value ofBOD5 20°C for the wastewater sample.
12.38 A tracer analysis was performed on a pilot trickling filter packed with a 10-ft depth of 12.30 plastic media. The time to the appearance of the peak of the tracer concentration was recorded as a function of the hydraulic loading rate. The following data were collected: 0.9 1.2 Hydraulic loading rate (Q) gpm/ft² 0.2 0.6 0.9 Time to peak of tracer conc., min 28 21 15 14 Find the coefficients C and n in the model shown in equation 12.46. dotermine the reaction-rate coefficient for cross-flow
The discharge of water collected from a constant head permeameter in a period of 15 minutes is 500 ml. The internal diameter of the permeameter is 5 cm and the measured difference in head between two gauging points 15 cm vertically apart is 40 cm. Calculate (a) the coefficient of permeability (mm/s), (b) If the dry weight of the 15-cm long sample is 4.86 N and the specific gravity of the solids is 2.65, calculate the seepage velocity (mm/s).
Problem 1. A wastewater sample is examined for its solid contents. The ionic strength (μ) of wastewater is 0.01. It is known that 30% of total dissolved solids (TDS) is organic. The volumetric settleable solid concentration is determined as 20 mL/L using Imhoff Cone. It is assumed that 40% of total suspended solids (TSS) is equal to dry-settleable solids. The volumetric settleable solids composes of 2% of dried solids and 98% of water. The density of volumetric settleable solid concentration is given as 1020 g/L. Use information given in problem, calculate: a) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration as mg/L. b) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration as mg/L. c) Total Solids (TS) concentration as mg/L.
The discharge of water collected from a constant head permeameter in a period of 15 minutes is 500 ml. The internal diameter of the permeameter is 5 cm and the measured difference in head between two gauging points 15 cm vertically apart is 40 cm.If the dry weight of the 15 cm long sample is 4.86 N and the specific gravity of the solids is 2.65, calculate the seepage velocity in mm/s. a.3.72 x 10^(-1) b.0.106 c.0.750 d.0.3788
Solids analysis is one of the most widely used parameters for assessing water quality. Use the following data to determine (a) total solids (TS); (b) volatile solids (VS); (c) dissolved solids (DS); (d) total suspended solids (TSS), and (e) total volatile suspended solids (TVSS) all in mg/L. A sample volume of 150 ml was used in performing all solids analyses. Tare mass of evaporating dish = 24.3520 g Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after evaporation @ 105°C = 24.3970 g Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after ignition @ 550°C = 24.3850 g Mass of Whatman filter and tare Mass of Whatman filter and tare after drying @ 105°C Residue on Whatman filter and tare after ignition @ 550°C = 1.5103 g 1.5439 g 1.5199 g
Question 8A 200 g/l solution of common salt was discharged into a stream at a constant rate of 25l/s. The background concentration of the salt in the stream water was found to be 10 ppm. At a downstream section where the solution was believed to have been completely mixed, the salt concentration was found to reach an equilibrium value of 45 ppm. Estimate the discharge in the stream.
6. In a wastewater treatment plant, a coarse screen is used. The approach velocity of the wastewater is 0.5 m/s. The velocity through the clean bar is 0.75 m/s, and the headloss coefficient for the clean bar is 0.7. i. What would be head loss for the clean screen? ii. The open area for the clean screen is 0.2 m². Determine the headloss when the clear area of the screen will be clogged by 60%. Assume the headloss coefficient for the clogged bar is 0.6.