A distinguishing characteristic of Eukaryotes is that they O a. contain membrane-enclosed organelles and nucleus. b. are most often single-celled organisms. O c. are members of the domain Archaea. d. are more numerous than all Prokaryotes. O e. contain only RNA and not DNA.
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Prokaryotes are the bacteria like blue green algae, pleuropnuemonia like organisms and mycoplasma. These have ability to multiply more rapidly then eukaryotes. Expect mycoplasma, they have cell wall surrounding which surrounds the cell membrane. No nucleus is found neither nuclear membrane. Most of them have small circular DNA called plasmids.
Eukaryotes consists of plants, animals, protists and fungi. These have well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Their DNA is well organised into chromosomes and chromatin.
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