A copper–nickel diffusion couple similar to that shown in Figure 5.1a is fashioned. After a 700-h heat treatment at 1100C (1373 K), the concentration of Cu is 2.5 wt% at the 3.0-mm position within the nickel. At what temperature must the diffusion couple be heated to produce this same concentration (i.e., 2.5 wt% Cu) at a 2.0-mm position after 700 h? The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of Cu in Ni 2.7*10^-5(m^2/s) and 256 kJ/mol.

Q: DISCUSSION THEORY OF DISFFUSION AND THROUGLY EXPLAIN FIVE DIFFUSION QUANTITIES.ALSO EXPLAIN THE…

A: Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient from an area of…

Q: A. low 2. Burgers vector (b) is used to: A. Determine the type of distortion. B. Describe the size…

A: The significance or use of burger's vector has been asked in the question.

Q: The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 118 kJ/mol. Calculate the…

A: D1=Diffusion Coefficient At 1140=6.1×10-11 m2/sT1=Temperature=1140°C=1413.15 kT2=840°C=1113.15…

Q: why diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC in iron at temperature 912 c are difference?…

A: Data given-  Carbon  Bcc and fcc  Temprature T = 912°C  = 1185 K .

Q: 4. Substitutional diffusion A. Requires existence of vacancies. C. Needs to overcome an energy…

A: (4) Substitutional diffusion occurs by the movement of atoms from one atomic site to another atomic…

Q: 3.) Calculate the benefit of adding AlO nanoparticles to the x = 0.005 and the x = 0.02 mass…

A: It is asked to plot the graph.

Q: If we have a system diffusing with a diffusion flux that is constant over time, [a] What do we call…

A: If we have a system diffusing with a diffusion flux that is constant over time, [a] What do we call…

Q: why diffusion coefficient of caarbon inBCC and FCC iron at temperature 912 is different?

A: Diffusion coefficient is a measure of the rate of diffusion of mass of a substance through each unit…

Q: Answer the following questions: 1. An alloy of Fe in y-Fe (FCC) with a uniform Fe concentration of…

A: GivenFe concentrationFeo=0.41wt%CFe concentration is suddenly brought to Fec=1.5wt%C

Q: why vacancy diffusion is more slow than interstitial diffusion?

A: Vacancy diffusion is slower than Interstitial diffusion. Diffusions taking place by vacancies are…

Q: What does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)? (choose all) a. Concentration…

A: What does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)?

Q: Rank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems:…

A: Diffusion coefficient is the amount of particular element that diffuses across a unit area in 1 s…

Q: Two glasses of tea that there is an aluminium stirrer in one of them and there is a silver stirrer…

A: Given data: Mass of tea in the glass, mtea=0.2 kg Mass of glass, mglass=0.1 kg And mass of each…

Q: Problem 2. In carburizing of a piece of low carbon steel with the initial carbon centration 0.2 wt%,…

A: Given the initial carbon concentration and diffusivity and carburizing time.  Required: carbon…

Q: At approximately what temperature (in Kelvin) would a specimen of an alloy have to be carburized for…

A:

Q: Calculate the final concentration of each of the following:   1. A 44.5 mL sample of an 7.3 %(m/v)…

A:

Q: Define the General Heat/Diffusion Equation ?

A: The general heat equation is a multi-dimensional equation or a three-dimensional equation. The three…

Q: A BCC iron alloy containing 0.05 wt% C is carburized at 1050°C such that the carbon concentration is…

A:

Q: Mechanical Engineering At approximately what temperature (in Kelvin) would a specimen of an alloy…

A: Answer: The temperature at which a specimen of an alloy to be carburized for 1.3 hr: T = 1180.877 K

Q: For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 18 h duration at 885°C…

A:

Q: If you lived in Fick's time and try to formulate a diffusion equation for the up-hill diffusion,…

A: Diffusion happens as a result of a concentration gradient, which is defined as the change in…

Q: Explain self-diffusion of nickel.

A: The transfer of a chemical from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area is referred…

Q: In precipitation hardening, after being quenched into solution, overcooling is done and then either…

A: Precipitation Hardening: Definition: Precipitation Hardening is the heat treatment process which…

Q: What are the typical practical applications of diffusion mechanisms.

A: To explain: The applications of the diffusion mechanisms. Concept used: Diffusion mechanism:…

Q: At 90 °C the vapour pressure of toluene is 400 mmHg and that of o-xylene is 150 mmHg. (i) What is…

A:

Q: The figure below shows five different steady-state concentration profiles from five separate tests,…

A:

Q: The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 114 kJ/mol. Calculate the…

A: D1=Diffusion Coefficient At 1140=76.7×10-12 m2/sT1=Temperature=1170°C=1443KT2=891°C=1164 KE=The…

Q: Compare and contrast diffusion and heat. You may refer to Ficks' law, Fourier's law and/or the laws…

A: The net movement of anything (such as atoms, ions, molecules, or energy) from a location of…

Q: Give three examples of materials processes that rely on diffusion in solids and explain how…

A: Three examples of material process that rely on diffusion are 1. Case hardening 2. Doping…

Q: To increase hardness of steel gear, it was carburized at 1040°C by introducing 1.5%C at its steel…

A:

Q: Calculate the temperature at which a non-steady-state diffusion for t-49.5 hrs was carried out to…

A: Now, Cx,t-C0Cs-C0=0.35-0.201.0-0.20=1-erfx2Dt=1-erfzerfz=0.8125 using the given table, finding z…

Q: )For the carbonization of steel at 800°C, it takes 2 hours to reach a C concentration of 0.4% at a…

A: Given DataT1=800°CD1=D2t1=2hrt2=6hrx1=100μmCx=0.4%

Q: You are examining two materials with the same density. One has a BCC crystal structure, and one has…

A: Given data:- BCC crystal structure HCP crystal structure.  The same density To find:-Which crystal…

Q: hat the value of D at 1150°C is 6.5 × 10-12 m²/s. i m²/s

A: Given: Activation Energy E=103 kJ/mol Diffusion coefficient at T=1150oC; D=6.5×10-12 m2/s To find:…

Q: Which one below is not a requirement for diffusion processes to occur in crystalline solids? O…

A: Diffusion process is transport of atom from one lattice site to another lattice site.

Q: 3. A BCC iron alloy containing 0.05 wt% C is carburized at 1050°C such that the carbon concentration…

A: (a) Write the given data. cx=0.5%  x=2 mm cs=1.5%co=0.05% T=1050°C Here, cx is the carbon percentage…

Q: .Nitrogen from a gaseous phase is to be diffused into pure iron at 669 °C. If the surface…

A:

Q: Boundary conditions: x=0 Cx= Co = 4.8 M x=L Cx= CL = 2.9 M Using Fick's law, find the steady state…

A:

Q: Problem 4 The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of iron in cobalt are 1.1 x 105…

A:

Atomic diffusion in solids

In material science, diffusion can take place in solid, liquid, and gases. In solids, atomic diffusion can take place with the help of thermally activated and randomly vibrating atoms. The atomic diffusion in solids is complex and very slow in comparison to atomic diffusion in liquids and gases because the interatomic distance between the atoms is smaller in solids as compared to liquids and gases.