A copper–nickel diffusion couple similar to that shown in Figure 5.1a is fashioned. After a 700-h heat treatment at 1100C (1373 K), the concentration of Cu is 2.5 wt% at the 3.0-mm position within the nickel. At what temperature must the diffusion couple be heated to produce this same concentration (i.e., 2.5 wt% Cu) at a 2.0-mm position after 700 h? The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of Cu in Ni 2.7*10^-5(m^2/s) and 256 kJ/mol.

Q: pectin was studied. With this purpose, a 75°Brix concentrated industrial juice was assayed, and by…

A: The data given for the juice was plotted and then curve fitting was done to obtain the best curve…

Q: Calculate the diffusion coefficient for the interdiffusion of Zinc into Copper at  500 °C .

A: Required data from the standard table for the diffusion of zinc into copper.

Q: A. low 2. Burgers vector (b) is used to: A. Determine the type of distortion. B. Describe the size…

A: The significance or use of burger's vector has been asked in the question.

Q: The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 118 kJ/mol. Calculate the…

A: D1=Diffusion Coefficient At 1140=6.1×10-11 m2/sT1=Temperature=1140°C=1413.15 kT2=840°C=1113.15…

Q: why diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC in iron at temperature 912 c are difference?…

A: Data given-  Carbon  Bcc and fcc  Temprature T = 912°C  = 1185 K .

Q: 4. Substitutional diffusion A. Requires existence of vacancies. C. Needs to overcome an energy…

A: (4) Substitutional diffusion occurs by the movement of atoms from one atomic site to another atomic…

Q: The diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: T(K) 1273 1473 D (m²/s)…

A: The diffusion constant at T1 = 1273 K is The diffusion constant at The value of the gas constant is…

Q: If we have a system diffusing with a diffusion flux that is constant over time, [a] What do we call…

A: If we have a system diffusing with a diffusion flux that is constant over time, [a] What do we call…

Q: why diffusion coefficient of caarbon inBCC and FCC iron at temperature 912 is different?

A: Diffusion coefficient is a measure of the rate of diffusion of mass of a substance through each unit…

Q: why vacancy diffusion is more slow than interstitial diffusion?

A: Vacancy diffusion is slower than Interstitial diffusion. Diffusions taking place by vacancies are…

Q: What does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)? (choose all) a. Concentration…

A: What does(do) determine a diffusion coefficient (diffusivity)?

Q: Rank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems:…

A: Diffusion coefficient is the amount of particular element that diffuses across a unit area in 1 s…

Q: Problem 2. In carburizing of a piece of low carbon steel with the initial carbon centration 0.2 wt%,…

A: Given the initial carbon concentration and diffusivity and carburizing time.  Required: carbon…

Q: Please explain crack initation and propagation during metal fatigue? Explain factors that affect…

A: Crack initation and propagation during metal fatigue The fatigue failure mechanism is characterized…

Q: At approximately what temperature (in Kelvin) would a specimen of an alloy have to be carburized for…

A:

Q: Define the General Heat/Diffusion Equation ?

A: The general heat equation is a multi-dimensional equation or a three-dimensional equation. The three…

Q: A BCC iron alloy containing 0.05 wt% C is carburized at 1050°C such that the carbon concentration is…

A:

Q: Mechanical Engineering At approximately what temperature (in Kelvin) would a specimen of an alloy…

A: Answer: The temperature at which a specimen of an alloy to be carburized for 1.3 hr: T = 1180.877 K

Q: For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 18 h duration at 885°C…

A:

Q: In precipitation hardening, after being quenched into solution, overcooling is done and then either…

A: Precipitation Hardening: Definition: Precipitation Hardening is the heat treatment process which…

Q: 6. Drive-in diffusion in ICs, is used to: A. Diffuse the impurity atoms into the silicon from a gas…

A: (6) The primary aim of the drive in Diffusion Process in IC Fabrication is to change the…

Q: Give three examples of materials processes that rely on diffusion in solids and explain how…

A: Three examples of material process that rely on diffusion are 1. Case hardening 2. Doping…

Q: Calculate the diffusion constant,

A: GIVEN for the process at a diffusion temperature of T=1150 ⁰C D0 = 5.5 *10-5 m2/s;  Qd = 148,000…

Q: Calculate the temperature at which a non-steady-state diffusion for t-49.5 hrs was carried out to…

A: Now, Cx,t-C0Cs-C0=0.35-0.201.0-0.20=1-erfx2Dt=1-erfzerfz=0.8125 using the given table, finding z…

Q: )For the carbonization of steel at 800°C, it takes 2 hours to reach a C concentration of 0.4% at a…

A: Given DataT1=800°CD1=D2t1=2hrt2=6hrx1=100μmCx=0.4%

Q: You are examining two materials with the same density. One has a BCC crystal structure, and one has…

A: Given data:- BCC crystal structure HCP crystal structure.  The same density To find:-Which crystal…

Q: Consider an alloy that is undergoing carburizing process, initially has a uniform carbon…

A: Carburization is the transformation of a low carbon steel into a high carbon steel. This is…

Q: Describe how Henry’s law and Graham’s law relate to the diffusion constants in Fick’s law.

A: Henry's Law: The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the…

Q: hat the value of D at 1150°C is 6.5 × 10-12 m²/s. i m²/s

A: Given: Activation Energy E=103 kJ/mol Diffusion coefficient at T=1150oC; D=6.5×10-12 m2/s To find:…

Q: Which one below is not a requirement for diffusion processes to occur in crystalline solids? O…

A: Diffusion process is transport of atom from one lattice site to another lattice site.

Q: Problem 4 The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of iron in cobalt are 1.1 x 105…

A:

Q: In a binary Fe-Fe3C system, what is the transformation that occurs when cooling an austenistic…

A: Given: The carbon percentage = 2% The temperature of austenite mixture, T = 1100 C The eutectoid…

Q: Aluminum atoms are to be diffused into a silicon wafer using both predeposition and drive-in heat…

A: CB=3.5×1019…

Q: Problem 1 A sheet of BCC iron 1 mm thick was exposed to a carburizing gas atmosphere on one side and…

A: On one surface,Cc = 0.012 wt% ; Cfe = 100 - 0.012 = 99.988 wt%Then, concentration of Carbon in kg…

Atomic diffusion in solids

In material science, diffusion can take place in solid, liquid, and gases. In solids, atomic diffusion can take place with the help of thermally activated and randomly vibrating atoms. The atomic diffusion in solids is complex and very slow in comparison to atomic diffusion in liquids and gases because the interatomic distance between the atoms is smaller in solids as compared to liquids and gases.