A converging elbow turns water through an angle of 135º in a vertical plane. The flow cross-sectional diameter is 400 mm at the elbow inlet, section (1), and 200 mm at the elbow outlet,section (2). The elbow flow passage volume is 0.2 m3between sections (1) and (2). The water volume flowrate is 0.4 m3/s, and the elbow inlet and outlet pressures are 150 kPa(gage) and 90 kPa(gage). The empty elbow mass is 12 kg. Calculate the horizontal and vertical anchoring forces required to hold the elbow in place. Assume: a) Steady, Incompressible, Uniform fluid flow at inlet/ outlet. ρwater= 1000 kg/m3.

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.