A computer has a cache, main memory, and a disk used for virtual memory. If a referenced word is in the cache, 20 ns are required to access it. If it is in main memory but not in the cache, 60 ns are needed to load it into the cache, then the reference is started again. If the word is not in main memory, 12 ms (not ns) are required to fetch the word from disk, then the reference is started again. The cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main memory hit ratio is 0.06. What is the average time in ns required to access a referenced word on this system?

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A: Answer is explained below in detail

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A:

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Types of database architectures

A Database Architecture represents the Database Management System’s (DBMS) design (schema). The DBMS architecture makes it easy to understand the components involved in the database system and their relations. The DBMS architecture may vary based on the system on which it runs. Some systems contain both client and server machines whereas some run only on a server machine. Based on the architecture, the system can be classified as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.