A composite beam is fabricated by bolting two 2.6-in.-wide by 12-in.-deep timber planks to the sides of a 0.7-in. by 12-in. steel plate. The moduli of elasticity of the timber and the steel are 1900 ksi and 30000 ksi, respectively. The simply supported beam spans a distance of 12 ft and carries two concentrated loads P, which are applied as shown. Assume LAB = LCD 3 ft, LBC= 6 ft, b = 2.6 in., d = 12 in. and t = 0.7 in. (a) Determine the maximum bending stresses o,, os produced in the timber planks and the steel plate if P = 3.9 kips. (b) Assume that the allowable bending stresses of the timber and the steel are 850 psi and 21600 psi, respectively. Determine the largest acceptable magnitude for concentrated loads P. (You may neglect the weight of the beam in your calculations.) LAB Answers: (a) o, = i ksi, o, = i ksi. (b) P = kips. B Lac Cross section LCD D

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.