A company produces X, Y and Z from a raw material M. For every 100 tonnes of M put into production it obtains 50 tons of product X, 30 tons of Y and 15 tons of Z, while 5 tons goes as waste. The selling price of X, Y and Z is Rs. 40. Rs, 60 and Rs. 80 per ton. The cost of raw material M is Rs. 20 and variable processing costs are Rs. 10., Variable marketing costs are budgeted to be at the rate of 10 percent of sales value. Budgeted fixed overheads per annum are: Manufacturing - Rs. 40,000, Marketing - Rs. 30,000, and Administration - Rs. 20,000. The company intends to process 10,000 tonnes of material M in the coming year. Question 21:- Fixed Cost is Rs. a) 75000 b) 60000 90000 d) O 55000 Question 22:- Contribution is Rs. 12 per unit b 15 per unit C) 16 per unit 18 per unit Question 23:- Net Profit is Rs. a) 24000 260000 280000 300000 Question 24:- Break Even Point is Rs. 300000 b. 350000 250000 275000
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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