A clay layer of 25m thickness with a saturated unit weight of 21KN/m3 is underlain by a sand layer. Ground water table is at the surface. An artesian pressure amounting to a water level of 6m above the ground surface is known to exist in the sand layer. A 12m deep, wide, open excavation, which is to be made in the dry is planned in the clay layer. Determine whether the bottom of the excavation will heave or not under the given conditions. Take unit weight of water as 10KN/m3. Show your calculations.

Q: Not sure how to do this one. Would appreciate a full solution. Thank

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Measuring site work, Excavation and Piling

Bid drawings typically include very little material about the precise requirements of site work operations, measuring site work and excavation work differs from measuring most other works on a construction project. The actual site work conditions are not provided and also the dimensions of the excavations are not known during the pre-construction phase. The precise measurement of the excavation and backfill of the earth material and topsoil is important for a contractor to decide upon the total cost required for the process. All the works should be carried out under OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards to ensure the safety of the workers.