**Buffer Solution Calculation****Problem Statement:**A chemistry graduate student is given 500. mL of a 0.40 M ammonia (NH₃) solution. Ammonia is a weak base with \( K_b = 1.8 \times 10^{-5} \). What mass of NH₄Cl should the student dissolve in the NH₃ solution to turn it into a buffer with \( \text{pH} = 8.99 \)?**Assumptions:**- The volume of the solution does not change when NH₄Cl is dissolved.- Provide the answer in units and rounded to 2 significant digits.In the given image, there appears to be a placeholder input field and multiple choice interaction widgets below the problem statement, which typically might be used in an online learning platform to capture students' calculations or responses.To solve this problem, we can follow these steps:1. **Write the Chemical Equilibrium Expression for NH₃:** \[ \text{NH₃} + \text{H₂O} \rightleftharpoons \text{NH₄}^+ + \text{OH}^- \]2. **Calculate the pOH and [OH⁻]:** \[ \text{pH} = 8.99 \] \[ \text{pOH} = 14 - \text{pH} \] \[ \text{pOH} = 14 - 8.99 = 5.01 \] \[ [\text{OH}^-] = 10^{-\text{pOH}} = 10^{-5.01} \]3. **Calculate the [NH₄⁺]:** Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for bases: \[ \text{pOH} = \text{p}K_b + \log\left(\frac{[\text{NH₄}^+]}{[\text{NH₃}]}\right) \] Rearrange to find \([\text{NH₄}^+]\): \[ 5.01 = -\log(1.8 \times 10^{-5}) + \log\left(\frac{[\text{NH₄}^+]}{0.40}\right) \] Calculate \(\text{p}K

Henderson's equation: pOH = pKb + log[NH4Cl]/[NH3] pOH = 14 - pH

A chemistry graduate student is given 500. mL of a 0.40M ammonia (NH,) solution. Ammonia is a weak base with K,=1.8 × 10 What mass of NH,Cl should the student dissolve in the NH, solution to turn it into a buffer with pH =8.99? You may assume that the volume of the solution doesn't change when the NH,Cl is dissolved in it. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, and round it to 2 significant digits.

A chemistry graduate student is given 500. mL of a 0.40M ammonia (NH,) solution. Ammonia is a weak base with K,=1.8 × 10 What mass of NH,Cl should the student dissolve in the NH, solution to turn it into a buffer with pH =8.99? You may assume that the volume of the solution doesn't change when the NH,Cl is dissolved in it. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, and round it to 2 significant digits.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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