Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile on the reactant side of each of the following reactions ### Chemical Reactions Example#### (a) Reaction with Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)- **Reactants:** - Propene: CH₃—CH=CH₂ - Hydrogen Chloride: HCl- **Product:** - 2-Chloropropane: CH₃—CH(Cl)—CH₃**Explanation:** This reaction represents the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to propene. The double bond in propene opens up, and the hydrogen and chlorine atoms from HCl attach to the carbon atoms, forming 2-chloropropane.#### (b) Reaction with Water (H₂O)- **Reactants:** - Propan-2-ylium ion: CH₃—C⁺H—CH₃ - Water: H₂O- **Product:** - Protonated alcohol intermediate: CH₃—CH(OH₂)⁺—CH₃**Explanation:** This reaction involves the interaction between the propan-2-ylium ion and water, leading to the formation of a protonated alcohol intermediate. The water molecule donates a pair of electrons to the positively charged ion, resulting in its addition to the carbon chain.### Diagrams:- **Reaction Arrows:** - In both reactions, a single arrow indicates the formation of products in a direct reaction. - The double arrow in (b) suggests the reaction is reversible, meaning the process can go forwards and backwards under certain conditions. These examples illustrate key concepts in organic chemistry involving addition and substitution reactions.

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(а) CH3-CH=CH2 + HCI CH3-CH-CH3 CI (b) CH3-CH-CH3 + H20 CH3-CH-CH3 + OH2

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile on the reactant side of each of the following reactions

### Chemical Reactions Example

#### (a) Reaction with Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

- **Reactants:**
- Propene: CH₃—CH=CH₂
- Hydrogen Chloride: HCl

- **Product:**
- 2-Chloropropane: CH₃—CH(Cl)—CH₃

**Explanation:**
This reaction represents the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to propene. The double bond in propene opens up, and the hydrogen and chlorine atoms from HCl attach to the carbon atoms, forming 2-chloropropane.

#### (b) Reaction with Water (H₂O)

- **Reactants:**
- Propan-2-ylium ion: CH₃—C⁺H—CH₃
- Water: H₂O

- **Product:**
- Protonated alcohol intermediate: CH₃—CH(OH₂)⁺—CH₃

**Explanation:**
This reaction involves the interaction between the propan-2-ylium ion and water, leading to the formation of a protonated alcohol intermediate. The water molecule donates a pair of electrons to the positively charged ion, resulting in its addition to the carbon chain.

### Diagrams:

- **Reaction Arrows:**
- In both reactions, a single arrow indicates the formation of products in a direct reaction.
- The double arrow in (b) suggests the reaction is reversible, meaning the process can go forwards and backwards under certain conditions.

These examples illustrate key concepts in organic chemistry involving addition and substitution reactions.

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