A CFSTR receives a flow rate of 100 m³/sec. There is one influent stream coming into the reactor and one effluent stream leaving the reactor. The concentration of a chemical in the influent stream is reduced by 95% in the reactor. Given, the chemical has a first order decay rate of 0.15/d. Find the volume of the CFSTR (in m³).
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Given data:
Flow rate received by the CFSTR:
The concentration of the chemical in influent stream:
The concentration of the chemical in effluent stream:
Decay rate,
The volume(V) of the CFSTR is determined by the formula:
Where Q is the flow rate, which is given as
t is the time in days, which is determined by the equation:
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- (i) For a waste water, the BOD, at 20°C is found to be 200 mg/l. What will be BOD, at 30°C for the same? The reaction constant 'K' (to the base e) at 20°C is 0.2 per day.When the system is at equilibrium at a particular temperature, C(s) + CO2(g) =2 CO(g) a 4-L flask contains 0.40 mol CO, 0.80 mol CO2, and 0.45 mol C. What is the value of K, at that temperature? O 0.050 O 0.20 1.8 O 0.44Consider the reactor shown in the figure. The flow rate through the reactor is Q m/h. The concentrations (in mg/L) of a compound in the influent and effluent are C, and C, respectively. The compound is degraded in the reactor following the first order reaction. The mixing condition of the reactor can be varied such that the reactor becomes either a completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) or a plug-flow reactor (PFR). The length of the reactor can be adjusted in these two mixing conditions to LCMFR and LPER while keeping the cross-section of the reactor constant. Assuming steady state and for C/C, = 0.8, the value of LoMER/LPER (round off to 2 decimal places) is_ Q, C Co
- When a slug of tracer is injected into a cascade of CFSTRs, a maximum value of C₁ occurs at t> 0 for all reactors except the first. Determine the time when the peak occurs in the nth reactor in terms of OH.3. A first order decay reaction is occurring in a single CFSTR. Dividing the reactor into two smaller CFSTRs that are operated in series (effluent from one serving as the influent to the other) reduces the overall mixing and therefore makes the flow more PFR-like. Because reaction efficiency is greater in a PFR than a CFSTR, we might expect that dividing the reactor would improve the efficiency. To test that hypothesis, consider a system receiving an influent with C = 100 mg/L of a reactant that undergoes a first order decay reaction with a rate constant of 0.1 min ¹. Assume that the system has a total hydraulic detention time of 1 hour, but that it can be operated in three different ways: as a PFR, a CFSTR, or as two CFSTRs in series with the detention time split equally between the two. Find the effluent concentrations for the three possible operating modesA 9.00-mol sample of H₂ gas is contained in the left side of the container shown below, which has equal volumes on the left and right. The right side is evacuated. When the valve is opened, the gas streams into the right side. H₂ Valve Vacuum (a) What is the entropy change of the gas? J/K (b) Does the temperature of the gas change? Assume the container is so large that the hydrogen behaves as an ideal gas. The temperature decreases. O The temperature increases. The temperature does not change. ✓
- (a) Prove that for a first order decay reaction (k1= 2 days-1) taking place in reactors of identical size at steady state, it does not matter if you use a CMFR followed by a PFR or a PFR followed by a CMFR (i.e. show that the final treated effluent concentration, in mg/L, is approx. the same in each scenario). Assume the volume of each reactor is 15 L and the reactors in series will be used to treat a wastewater containing 5 mg/L of contaminant “C” at a flowrate of 10 L/day. (b) Does this remain true if a second order decay reaction was taking place? If not, which sequence of reactors is more efficient (i.e. removes more of the contaminant)? Assume the same reactor volumes, flow rate and contaminant concentration as in part (a), and k2 = 2 Lmg-1day-1 . You must show your derivation of the expression for a PFR with 2nd order decay.(iii) If HOCI (hypochlorous acid) degrades in water per first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.12/d. the initial concentration of HOCI is 12 mg/L (a) How long does it take to be reduced to 0.8 mg/l ? (b) what would be concentration after 4 hours? (6)1 If the particle formed at the sine of the liquid were a cylinder whose diameter is equal to its height, obtain the optimal height and then the critical Gibbs free energy Explain all steps
- (round off to 2 decimal places) is CIC, =0.8, the value of LCMFR/ LR 2 Consider the reactor shown in the figure. of a compound in the influent and The flow rate through the reactor is Q m'/h. The concentrations (in mg/L) effluent are C, and C, respectively. The compound is degraded in the reactor following the first order reaction. The mixing condition of the reactor can be varied such that the reactor becomes either a completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) or a plug-flow reactor (PFR). The length of the reactor can be adjusted in these two mixing conditions to LCMFR and LPER while keeping the cross- section of the reactor constant. Assuming steady and for state %3D Q, C.An atomizer forms water droplets 45μm in diameter. Determine the excess pressure within these droplets using σ=0.0712N/m120 mg/m3 of SO2 concentration is present at STP. What will be its concentration in ppm at 20°C?