Typical Chemical Potential Energy (PE) Diagram for an Exothermic ReactionA catalyst provides an alternatepathway for a reaction to occur. Thealternate pathway has a loweractivation energy (AE), meaning thatthe reactant molecules do not need tocollide with as much energy in orderfor a reaction to occur, so morecollisions result in a reaction, so thereaction rate is faster.ChemicalPotentialEnergy(Enthalpy)Note that adding a catalystdoes not change the amountof energy released (AH) forthe reaction.Activation Energy (AE)with a catalystPE of ReactantsAHPE of ProductsRxn ProgressWhat effect does a catalyst have on the stoichiometry of the reaction?What effect does the catalyst have on the mechanism of a reaction?AE wlo a catalyst

The stoichiometry of the reaction does not change because when a catalyst is present in the reaction…

A catalyst provides an alternate pathway for a reaction to occur. The alternate pathway has a lower activation energy (AE), meaning that the reactant molecules do not need to Chemical Potential collide with as much energy in order for a reaction to occur, so more collisions result in a reaction, so the Energy (Enthalpy) reaction rate is faster. Activation Energy (AE) with a catalyst Note that adding a catalyst does not change the amount of energy released (AH) for the reaction. PE of Reactants AH.. PE of Products Rxn Progress What effect does a catalyst have on the stoichiometry of the reaction? What effect does the catalyst have on the mechanism of a reaction? AE wlo a catalyfst

A catalyst provides an alternate pathway for a reaction to occur. The alternate pathway has a lower activation energy (AE), meaning that the reactant molecules do not need to Chemical Potential collide with as much energy in order for a reaction to occur, so more collisions result in a reaction, so the Energy (Enthalpy) reaction rate is faster. Activation Energy (AE) with a catalyst Note that adding a catalyst does not change the amount of energy released (AH) for the reaction. PE of Reactants AH.. PE of Products Rxn Progress What effect does a catalyst have on the stoichiometry of the reaction? What effect does the catalyst have on the mechanism of a reaction? AE wlo a catalyfst

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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15) Answer the following questions by looking at the graph below. A catalyzed chemical reaction 90 A 75 PE (kJ) 65 50 Progress of the reaction i. What is the letter for the activation energy (E,) of the reaction? ii. What is the amount of activation energy in the presence of a catalyst? iii. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? 16) How much heat is needed to increase the temperature of a 38 g sample of lead from 38 "C to 52 °C? Specific heat of Pb = 0.128 J/g'C. (Show working out) 17). Identify if energy and/or matter are exchanged in an open, closed, and isolated system. Open- Closed- Isolated-
Which of these are factors that impact rate of reaction? temperature reactant concentration presence of a catalyst O reactant particle size
Increasing the temperature of the reactants increases the fraction of the reacting species that collide with energies equal to or greater than the free energy/activation energy. Another factor that can affect whether or not molecules react is their orientation/bond length toward one another when they collide. Molecules with incorrect bond lengths/orientations will not react even if they successfully collide.
po Energy and Matter Transition States At the peak of the Reaction Pathways graph, there is a brief interval between the time that the reactant bonds are broken and product bonds are formed. This transitional structure is called an activated complex, and it exists for only a brief period of time. Just because the activated complex forms does not necessarily mean products will form. It may return to the original reactants, Increasing the temperature of the reaction causes more particles to have sufficient energy to form the activated complex on collision. That is why reaction rate increases as temperature increases. Increasing temperature increases the opportunities for products to form. APPLY How does concentration affect the formation of the activated complex? Haughton Miflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Determine whether the following aspects of a reaction are increased, decreased, or unaffected by the addition of a catalyst. •rate of the forward reaction •rate of the reverse reaction •activation energy of the forward reaction •activation energy of the reverse reaction •the enthalpy of the reaction
Increasing the temperature of a reaction increases the speed at which the reaction occurs. Identify the statements that explain the correlation between the increase in temperature and the increase in reaction rate. More atom-atom stretching and bending within the molecules occurs at higher temperatures, which creates more reactive molecular configurations. Added heat decreases the activation energy of a reaction and has a similar effect as adding a catalyst. ✔ Molecules at higher temperatures have greater kinetic energy, which results in more frequent and higher energy collisions. An increased temperature improves the reaction pathway by decreasing the energy difference between reactants and products.
The formation of CsClCsCl from Cs(s)Cs(s) and Cl2(g)Cl2(g) involves the following steps: Cs(s)→Cs(g) 12Cl2(g)→Cl(g) Cs(g)→Cs+(g)+e− Cl(g)+e−→Cl−(g) Cs+(g)+Cl−(g)→CsCl(s) Which of these steps absorb energy and which release energy?
Burning methane with oxygen is a highly exothermic reaction. Yet a mixture of methane and oxygen can be kept indefinitely without any reaction occurring. How is this possible?