A cantilever retaining wall of 7 meter height (Fig. Ex. 11.2) retains sand. The properties of the sand are: e0.5, 0= 30 and G,= 2.7. Using Rankine's theory determine the active earth pressure at the base when the backfill is (i) dry. (ii) saturated and (ii) submerged, and also the resultant active force in cach case. In addition sdetermine the total water pressure under the submerged condition. - Backfil submerged e05 G,2.7 Dry backfill 7 m Sand Backfill saturated Water pressure P259 AN/m P.41.2 KNm AB is the wall considered P48.81 KN/m yH= 68.67 kN/m -p. Figure Ex. 11.2

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Pricing Concrete Work

The concrete work in a project usually holds a high-end cost in terms of cost and value of the work. It becomes an important step in calculating the cost associated with concrete while preparing the project scale. The cost of making concrete depends on the cost of building materials, mixed materials, labor, and machinery. A concrete contractor builds structures from concrete, usually managing all the steps of the process from assembling ingredients to building a holding structure and preparing the mixture. This person or team oversees the delivery and unloading of goods to ensure that they are done properly. Nowadays, most of the concrete in the United States comes from manufacturers working abroad, usually with branches and plants within the provinces. Contributions can range from pre-mixed concrete to basic ingredients, the consumer company then mixes it. Many American-based concrete companies, however, offer concrete products, such as ballads, bricks, countertop, concrete pipe, and building products, as well as concrete construction and installation materials. This article covers both types of suppliers for this set of building materials.