a) Can you explain why different employees working in the same organization at different levels are paid differently? b) Keeping elasticity of demand for labor in mind, draw demand curves for two different professions being less and more elastic respectively also substantiate each with reasons for different slops.
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- In a purely competitive labor market (a), market labor supply S and market labor demand D determine the equilibrium wage rate Wc and the equilibrium number of workers Qc . Each individual competitive firm (b) takes this competitive wage Wc as given. Thus, the individual firm’s labor supply curve s = MRC is perfectly elastic at the going wage Wc . Its labor demand curve, d, is its MRP curve (here labeled mrp). The firm maximizes its profit by hiring workers up to where MRP = MRC. Area 0abc represents both the firm’s total revenue and its total cost. The green area is its total wage cost; the blue area is its nonlabor costs, including a normal profit—that is, the firm’s payments to the suppliers of land, capital, and entrepreneurship. This firm’s labor demand curve d in graph (b) slopes downward because: a. the law of diminishing marginal utility applies. b. the law of diminishing returns applies. c. the firm must lower its price to sell additional units of its product. d. the firm is a…Suppose the supply of soccer players is give by the the equation Ls=W/10 and the valu of the marginal product is given by VMPL=100,000 - 100LD. Question 1 Compute the equilibrium number of players hired in a competitive labor market. Round to the nearest whole number. Question 2 Compute the equilibrium the wage paid to each player in a competitive labor market. Round to the nearest dollar.Which of the following statements is correct? If potential employers could observe the productivities of different individuals, but still offer different salaries to man and women, the employers are having statistical discrimination. The findings of Charles & Guryan (2008) suggest that the black-white wage gap in the U.S. is unaffected by the prejudices of the most prejudiced persons in a state, which provides evidence against the taste-based discrimination in the U.S. There are two hypothetical countries. Each country has three people. In County A, the wealth of the three persons are respectively 9, 10, and 11. In Country B, the wealth of the three persons is respectively 4, 6, and 9. As measured by the standard deviation of wealth, Country A has lower wealth inequality. Consider a graph where the probability of injury is represented on the horizontal axis, and the wage is represented on the vertical axis. The isoprofit curves on this graph are…
- c. Suppose, as in part b, that there are 100 programmers inelastically supplying labor to the market. Now, head back to the table: About how many programmers will work at Robotron and how many at Korrexia? Again, use your judgment to come up with a good answer. Programmers working at Robotron: Programmers working at Korrexia: d. Suppose 50 more programmers come to town. What will the wage be now? And how many will work at each firm? Equilibrium wage: $ ___ Programmers working at Robotron:___ Programmers working at Korrexia:____3. A monopsonist's inverse demand for labor can be written as D-'(w) = VMP(E) = 40 – 0.005ED. Labor is supplied to the firm according to the inverse supply function S-(w) s(E) = w = 5+ 0.01E3. %3DRefer to the following diagram that shows the labor demand for a monopolistic firm hiring labor from a competitive labor market. Wage W₂ W₁ 2. A 1. B MRP с Q₁ Q₂ The allocatively efficient level of employment for this firm is given by some amount greater than Q 2. some amount between Q 1 and Q 2. S VMP Labor
- The elasticity of demand for labor is an important factor in the analysis of the effect of the minimum wage because Elastic labor demand tells us the firm is likely to raise prices inelastic labor demand suggests increasing the minimum wage is less harmful to workers inelastic labor demand suggests increasing the minimum wage is more harmful to workers Inelastic labor supply tells us there will be more unemployment. Inelastic labor demand tells us there will be more unemployment.In a purely competitive labor market (a), market labor supply S and market labor demand D determine the equilibrium wage rate Wc and the equilibrium number of workers Qc . Each individual competitive firm (b) takes this competitive wage Wc as given. Thus, the individual firm’s labor supply curve s = MRC is perfectly elastic at the going wage Wc . Its labor demand curve, d, is its MRP curve (here labeled mrp). The firm maximizes its profit by hiring workers up to where MRP = MRC. Area 0abc represents both the firm’s total revenue and its total cost. The green area is its total wage cost; the blue area is its nonlabor costs, including a normal profit—that is, the firm’s payments to the suppliers of land, capital, and entrepreneurship. The supply-of-labor curve S slopes upward in graph (a) because: a. the law of diminishing marginal utility applies. b. the law of diminishing returns applies. c. workers can afford to “buy” more leisure when the wage rate increases. d. higher wages are…According to the Economics Policy Institute (Mishel and Wolfe, 2019) CEO pay has grown 940% since 1978 while the compensation of the average worker has only risen 12%. While you can easily find sources that provide statistics that conflict with these numbers, you would be hard pressed to find any credible source that refutes the idea that the rate of pay of CEO’s and other upper-level managers has not dramatically increased relative to an organization’s lower-level employees in just about any 10 or more year period over the past 60 years. In the world of Adam Smith, the “invisible hand” of the free market capitalistic model would address inequities/out of balances. Are the forces represented by the “invisible hand” working? Why or why not? Is there an ethical dimension to the discussion of upper-level manager compensation? Why or why not? How does (or does it?) levels of pay of upper management impact the rest of us commoners?
- Consider a third pricing scheme that the union in Solved Problem 12.2 might use. It sets a wage, , and lets the firms hire as many workers as they want (that is, the union does not set a minimum number of hours), but requires a lump-sum contribution to each worker’s retirement fund. What is such a pricing scheme called? Can the union achieve the same outcome as it would if it perfectly price discriminated? (Hint: It could set the wage where the supply curve hits the demand curve.) Does your answer depend on whether the union workers are identical? Solved Problem 12.2 Competitive firms are the customers of a union, which is the monopoly supplier of labor services. Show the union’s “producer surplus” if it perfectly price discriminates. Then suppose that the union makes the firms a take-it-or-leave-it offer: They must guarantee to hire a minimum of hours of work at a wage of , or they can hire no one. Show that by setting appropriately, the union can…The table below shows the quantity demanded and supplied in the labor market for nurses in the town of Neverland, where all nurses belong to a union. Quantity Quantity Wages per Hour Demanded of Workers Supplied of Workers $20 12,000 6,000 $25 10,000 7,000 $30 8,000 8,000 $35 6,000 9,000 $40 4,000 10,000 $45 2,000 11,000 Based on the table above, answer the following: a) What would the equilibrium wage and equilibrium quantity of workers be in this market if no union existed? JUSTIFY your answer! b) Assume that the union has enough negotiating power to raise the wage to $10 per hour higher than it would otherwise be. Is there now excess demand or excess supply of workers? JUSTIFY your answer!Suppose a firm purchases labor in a competitive labor market and sells its product in a competitive product market. The firm’s elasticity of demand for labor is -0.4. Suppose the wage increases by 5 percent. What will happen to the number of workers hired by the firm? What will happen to the marginal productivity of the last worker hired by the firm?