A bar with a solid square cross-section is composed of three sections of equal length. The outer sections are made from material A and the middle section is made from material B, as shown in the figure. Assume the stress-strain curves for the particular materials used are as shown.  a. What is the change in the length of the bar if a tensile load of 112 kN is applied? The square cross-section has 2 cm sides and the length of each part is 2 m The elastic modulus of material A is 150 GPa and the elastic modulus of material B is 100 GPa. b. When the bar in Part B is unloaded, it will have a permanent change in length. What is this permanent change in the length?

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Axial Load

When a bar of the uniform cross-section is acted by a load, such that the load acts along the longitudinal axis of the bar, such kinds of loadings are known as axial loadings. In general terms, a load is an external force acting on a component. An axial load acts perpendicular to the geometric cross-section of the component. Based on the direction of the application of the load, an axial load can be tensile or compressive. The analysis of bodies under the action of axial loads is generally studied under the branch of mechanics, known as statics.