**18. Determine whether the two structures in each of the following pairs represent:**A. Constitutional isomers B. Enantiomers C. Diastereomers D. Identical compounds, or E. None of the above **(a)** - Structure 1: Ethanol with attachments at two carbons and OH groups on each.- Structure 2: Propanol with OH groups on two carbons. Answer: _______**(b)** - Structure 1: Chain structure with Br, OH, CH3, H, and a central carbon chain.- Structure 2: Chain structure with Br, CH3, H, and OH attached differently compared to Structure 1. Answer: _______**(c)** - Structure 1: Cyclohexane ring with CH3 substituents, one equatorial and one axial.- Structure 2: Cyclohexane ring with both CH3 substituents equatorial. Answer: _______**(d)** - Structure 1: Cyclopentane ring with one CH3 and one ethyl group.- Structure 2: Cyclopentane ring with different positions for CH3 and ethyl group. Answer: _______**(e)** - Structure 1: Cyclohexane ring in chair conformation with CH3 groups on alternate carbons.- Structure 2: Cyclohexane ring in a different chair conformation with alternate substituent positions. Answer: _______**Explanation:** Each pair represents either different structural isomers, stereoisomers, or identical molecules. The task is to identify which type of isomer each pair of structures represents.

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(a) (b) (c) R HO on CH,OH CO₂H CH₂ CH₂ # CI CH₂ A. Constitutional isomers B. Enantiomers C. Diastereomers D. Identical compounds, or E None of the above CO₂H F CH₂ CH, CH -H # CE Answer: Answer Answer:

(a) (b) (c) R HO on CH,OH CO₂H CH₂ CH₂ # CI CH₂ A. Constitutional isomers B. Enantiomers C. Diastereomers D. Identical compounds, or E None of the above CO₂H F CH₂ CH, CH -H # CE Answer: Answer Answer:

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkanes are saturated organic compounds which are made up of C and H atoms. Alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n+2. Alkane contains sp3 hybridized carbon atoms with four sigmas (σ) bonds & every hydrogen atom is connected with one of the carbon atoms. The size of the alkane could be determined by the number of carbon atoms located in it.

Question

**18. Determine whether the two structures in each of the following pairs represent:**

A. Constitutional isomers
B. Enantiomers
C. Diastereomers
D. Identical compounds, or
E. None of the above

**(a)**
- Structure 1: Ethanol with attachments at two carbons and OH groups on each.
- Structure 2: Propanol with OH groups on two carbons.
Answer: _______

**(b)**
- Structure 1: Chain structure with Br, OH, CH3, H, and a central carbon chain.
- Structure 2: Chain structure with Br, CH3, H, and OH attached differently compared to Structure 1.
Answer: _______

**(c)**
- Structure 1: Cyclohexane ring with CH3 substituents, one equatorial and one axial.
- Structure 2: Cyclohexane ring with both CH3 substituents equatorial.
Answer: _______

**(d)**
- Structure 1: Cyclopentane ring with one CH3 and one ethyl group.
- Structure 2: Cyclopentane ring with different positions for CH3 and ethyl group.
Answer: _______

**(e)**
- Structure 1: Cyclohexane ring in chair conformation with CH3 groups on alternate carbons.
- Structure 2: Cyclohexane ring in a different chair conformation with alternate substituent positions.
Answer: _______

**Explanation:**
Each pair represents either different structural isomers, stereoisomers, or identical molecules. The task is to identify which type of isomer each pair of structures represents.

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