Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![(1)
(a-b)
(c-d)
(e)
(f-g)
(m)
(j-k)
(h)
NH +
1.
CI
CN
1. Br₂, H₂O
mCPBA
CN
Br
La
S Na
excess HCI
1.
2. CH3OH, H+
2. H₂O, H+
3-0=0-3
OOH
[4+2]
S+K
[4+2] A
HCI
Δ
ix
1. KOH
2. KCN, H,O
1.
CH₂CH₂MgBr
2. Dilute H, H₂O
CH3
CH3CH₂O K+
CH3CH₂OH
1. LIAIH4
2. H₂O](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2e8b5d20-9fe0-4e0f-861c-565f12dc2481%2F2679026a-4bbe-45fd-9617-091a05c5b21f%2F0xb3so_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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