A and B are a couple and they want to go into a concert. A comes from Bonn and loves the music of Ludwig van Beethoven. B comes from Salzburg and loves the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. There are two concerts in town: one with the music of Beethoven and one with the music of Mozart. Both (A and B) prefer to go to a concert together. If both go to a concert of Beethoven, A has a pay-off of 4 and B has a pay-off of 2. If both go to a concert of Mozart, B has a pay-off of 4 and A has a pay-off of 2. If A goes to a concert of Mozart and B to a concert of Beethoven, they are both miserable and get a pay-off of 0. But, if B goes to a concert of Mozart and A to a concert of Beethoven, they are both a little better off with a pay-off of 1. Both A and B have to make a simultaneous decision and cannot communicate prior to the decision. (a) Construct the pay-off matrix for this game. (b) Identify the Nash equilibrium or equilibria of the game. (c) Which off the allocations are pareto-efficient. Explain briefly why.

A and B are a couple and they want to go into a concert. A comes from Bonn and loves the music of Ludwig van Beethoven. B comes from Salzburg and loves the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. There are two concerts in town: one with the music of Beethoven and one with the music of Mozart. Both (A and B) prefer to go to a concert together. If both go to a concert of Beethoven, A has a pay-off of 4 and B has a pay-off of 2. If both go to a concert of Mozart, B has a pay-off of 4 and A has a pay-off of 2. If A goes to a concert of Mozart and B to a concert of Beethoven, they are both miserable and get a pay-off of 0. But, if B goes to a concert of Mozart and A to a concert of Beethoven, they are both a little better off with a pay-off of 1. Both A and B have to make a simultaneous decision and cannot communicate prior to the decision. (a) Construct the pay-off matrix for this game. (b) Identify the Nash equilibrium or equilibria of the game. (c) Which off the allocations are pareto-efficient. Explain briefly why.

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter8: Game Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.5P

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Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1 In general, a combination of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if ... Every player is choosing a best response against the other players' strategies. Every player has a positive payoff. The players maximize the sum of their payoffs. The players choose identical strategies. If the game is repeated, which cooperative actions could benefit both players? O Both players choose C. Player 1 chooses C, Player 2 chooses D. O Player 1 chooses D, Player 2 chooses C. Both players choose D.
In a gambling game, Player A and Player B both have a $1 and a $5 bill. Each player selects one of the bills without the other player knowing the bill selected. Simultaneously they both reveal the bills selected. If the bills do not match, Player A wins Player B's bill. If the bills match, Player B wins Player A's bill. a. Develop the game theory table for this game. The values should be expressed as the gains (or losses) for Player A. b. Is there a pure strategy? Why or why not? Determine the optimal strategies and the value of this game. Does the game favor one player over the other? d. Suppose Player B decides to deviate from the optimal strategy and begins playing each bill 50% of the time. What should Player A do to improve Player A’s winnings? Comment on why it is important to follow an optimal game theory strategy. с.
Alice chooses action a or action b, and her choice is observed by Bob. If Alice chooses action a, then Alice receives a payoff of 5 and Bob receives a payoff of 7. If Alice chooses action b, then Bob chooses action cor action d. If Bob chooses action c, then Alice receives a payoff of 10 and Bob receives a payoff of 5. If Bob chooses action d, then Alice receives a payoff of 0 and Bob receives a payoff of 3. Which of the following are correct statements about the game described in the previous paragraph? (Mark all that are correct.) O This game has imperfect information. O Alice's backward induction payoff is 5. O This is a promise game. O Alice's backward induction payoff is 0. O This is a prisoners' dilemma. O Bob's backward induction payoff is 5. O Bob's backward induction payoff is 3. O This is a threat game.
Exercise 6.1Suppose that two airlines decide to collude. Analyse the game between these two companies. Suppose that each of them can charge for tickets a high price or a low price. If one of them charges 100 euros, it gets few profits if the other also charges 100 euros and high profits if the other charges 200 euros. On the other hand, if the company charges 200 euros, it obtains very little profit if the other charges 100 euros and an average profit if the other also charges 200 euros. a) Represent the matrix of results of this game. b) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Explain your answer. c) Is there an outcome that would be better than the Nash equilibrium for the two airlines? How could it be achieved? Who would lose out if it were reached?
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Sam and Sarah are thinking about getting married. However if either of them cheats on the other, they would get a payoff of 10, while the other person gets zero. If neither cheat, they stay with each other and get a payoff of 7 each and if both cheat, the relationship falls apart and each get a payoff of 1. What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? a. Cheat, Cheat b. Not cheat, Not cheat Sam cheats, Sarah doesn't Sarah cheats, Sam doesn't
Alice and Julia want to spend time together but have different preferences for their activities. They can choose between two options: going to a soccer game or watching a football game. Alice prefers football and Julia prefers the football game, but they both prefer being together over being apart. If they both choose to attend a soccer game then Julia receives a payoff of 2 and Alice a payoff of 1. If they both choose to attend a football game, then Julia receive a payoff of 1 and Alice a payoff of 2. If one chooses a football game and the other a soccer game then they both receive a payoff of O. The payout matrix below illustrates these payoffs. Which of the following statements are true: I. There is a dominant strategy II. A nash equilibrium exists where Alice attends a football game and Julia attends a soccer game III. A nash equilibrium exists where both friends attend a soccer game IV. Both attending a football game is a stable outcome. Alice Soccer Football Julia Soccer Football…
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