(a) An infrared gas analyser has a span of 01% of the component being measured. It operates at atmospheric pressure and was calibrated when the barometric pressure was 0.995 bar. The barometric pressure changes to 1.015 bar. What will the instrument read when the actual percentage of the component is (i) 0.5% (ii) 0.8%

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Atomic diffusion in solids

In material science, diffusion can take place in solid, liquid, and gases. In solids, atomic diffusion can take place with the help of thermally activated and randomly vibrating atoms. The atomic diffusion in solids is complex and very slow in comparison to atomic diffusion in liquids and gases because the interatomic distance between the atoms is smaller in solids as compared to liquids and gases.