(a) A 10-m-wide, rectangular, concrete-lined channel (n = 0.013 and α = 1.1) has a bottom slope of 0.01 and a constant-level reservoir at the upstream end. The reservoir water level is 6.0 m above the channel bottom at entrance. Assuming the entrance losses at the approach velocity in the reservoir to be negligible, determine the channel discharge and quantitatively sketch and label the water surface profile. Provide sufficient justification for assumptions and/or judgement used in your procedure. State clearly the design steps used in the design process.

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Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow is a branch of fluid mechanics. It deals with the flow of fluid in an open conduit or free surface. In an open channel flow, gravity induces the flow of water whose surface is open to the air. This flow is free-falling rather than confined in rigid body conduits. The open channel flow depends upon two parameters that are the cross-section of the conduit and the velocity profile. Practical examples of open channel flow are streams, rivers, canals, and other drainage systems.In open channel flow, the cross-sectional area of at least one of the sides is exposed to air, and the surface of water faces atmospheric pressure. This flow is also known as free gravity flow. The cross-sectional area of the conduit can be either man-made or a natural channel. For instance, the flow in rivers and streams are natural conduits, and the flow in a canal and sanitary systems are man-made or engineered channels.