A 8 mm thick leather open belt connects two flat pulleys. The smaller pulley is 300 mm diameter and runs at 200 r.p.m. The angle of lap of this pulley is 160° and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.25. The belt is on the point of slipping when 3 kW is transmitted. The safe working stress in the belt material is 1.6 N/mm?. Determine the required width of the belt for 20% overload capacity. The initial tension may be taken equal to the mean of the driving tensions. It is proposed to increase the power transmitting capacity of the drive by adopting one of the following alternatives: 1) by increasing initial tension by 10%, and 2) by increasing the coefficient of friction to 0.3 by applying a dressing to the belt. Examine the two alternatives and recommend the one which will be more effective. How much power would the drive transmit adopting either of the two alternatives.

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.