A 43-year-old patient complains of pain in the right hypochondrium, periodic body temperature rises of up to 38°C, periodic icteric skin color changes, heartburn, nausea. Ultrasound examination revealed an increase in the size of the liver and gall bladder. Multiple small stones were found in the lumen of the gall bladder and bile ducts, Questions: 4. Describe the disorders of pigment exchane. 5. Can skin itching be typical for this kind of jaundice? 6. Explain the most likely mechanism of possible dyspeptic disorders in the patient.
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- A 44-year-old patient was hospitalized with a diagnosis "Pancreatic head tumor". On examination: there are icteric skin color and sclera, signs of weight loss. At palpation the liver is enlarged. The patient complains of skin itching. 4. Describe the disorders of pigment exchange, that are typical for this type of jaundice.5. Explain the origin of skin itching.6. What signs of hepatic insufficiency should be expected in the patient?7. Define the concept of "liver failure".A 37-year-old patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Infectious hepatitis". On examination: intensive icteric colour of the skin and mucous membranes is noted. In the blood is found an increase in indirect bilirubin, the fecal masses are discolored. Questions: 4. Describe the pathogenesis of patient's disorders in the pigment exchange. 5. What changes in hepatic transferase activity and bile acid concentration are characteristic for this pathology,A 63-year old presented to a local doctor with a history of alternating constipation and diarrhoea for six months, associated with a feeling of incomplete evacuation following defaecation and several episodes of bright blood coating her bowel motion. A diagnosis was made and a portion of the left colon and rectum was removed surgically. Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease and what you consider the most likely cause of the presenting signs and symptoms. Also explain what complications might have ensued if the lesion had not been excised.
- 1. Differentiate between bacterial infection and bacterial intoxication. 2. Discuss the importance of E. coli as part of our intestinal flora. 3. Describe three (3) different types of gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacteria. Be sure to give the name of the specific organism that causes each, describe some common signs and symptoms and discuss treatment for each disease: 4. Define meningitis. Compare and contrast between bacterial and viral meningitis including treatment for each. 5. What is a prion? Describe the impact prions have on the human brain and discuss two prion-associated diseases in humans: 6. What is a vector-borne (vector transmitted) disease? Give an example of a vector borne disease and the vector responsible for causing it:A 32 year old female complained of chronic cough and hoarseness. Upon interview, it was learned that she also had burning sensation in her chest usually after eating which is usually worse at night. She usually has this sensation of lump in her throat. 1. What is the probable diagnosis?2. What part/structure of the esophagus is involved in this disorder?3. Explain the pathophysiology of this disease.4. What factors can aggravate this disorder?5. Give some medications effective against this disease.6. Pathochemistry of jaundice: 6.1. prehepatic (hemolytic) jaundice; 6.2. hepatic (parenchymal) jaundice; 6.3. posthepatic (cholestatic) jaundice; 6.4. enzymatic (hereditary) jaundice: Kriegler-Nayar syndrome, Gilbert's disease, Dabin-Johnson syndrome. 6.5. jaundice of newborns.
- A 43-year-old patient complains of pain in the right hypochondrium, periodic body temperature rises of up to 38°C, periodic icteric skin color changes, heartburn, nausea. Ultrasound examination revealed an increase in the size of the liver and gall bladder. Multiple small stones were found in the lumen of the gall bladder and bile ducts, Questions: 7. What changes in the cardiovascular system are typical for this type of jaundice.Topic: Decubutis Ulcers Please make sure that you re-write each question, then answer it directly underneath it. Along with the creditable online source that is less than four years old. 1.)in details, Describe the etiology and consequences of decubitus ulcers. 2,)Who is susceptible? Who is involved in the care of them? Explain in details. 3.)What is the treatment? What happens if left untreated? Explain and give example. 4.)Where on the body are they most common? 5.)How would you teach a patient and/or family member to treat/prevent them? In your role as a future health care professional (nurse) , list at least one way specific to your profession(nurse) that you would utilize to treat decubitis ulcers.A 30-year-old male banker complains of mid epigastric gnawing and boring pain for the last week. The pain is worse at night and is somewhat better immediately after he eats. He has not had any fever, nausea, or vomiting. He takes about one 500-mg acetaminophen tablet a week for headaches but does not take any other medications. Upper endoscopy reveals a 2-cm mucosal defect in the antrum of the stomach. There is mild edema in the adjacent mucosa, but there is no thickening of the edges of the ulcer. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis? 2. What are complications from this condition? 3. What is the most likely mechanism of this disorder?
- A 16-year-old nonsmoker teenager was admitted to the outpatient clinic complaining of a 14-month history of postprandial vomiting that progressed into hematemesis the last week. The patient was suffering from fatigue, dysphagia related to solid food, and loss of appetite which led to weight loss; the body mass index (BMI) dropped from 27.7 kg/m2 to 16.3 kg/m2 during this period; before that, the patient had been seeing many clinics outside the country without any conclusive diagnosis. Clinical examination revealed a pale-colored skin with mild jaundice, and the abdomen did not show any palpable mass (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and enlarged lymph nodes), tenderness, or rebound tenderness. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. A lower esophageal sphincter narrowing was found by an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) corresponding with a fragile bleeding gastric mass; that prevented from taking a biopsy. CT studies supported these findings by determining a large…6)Elderly women who have been taking indomethacin for many years suddenly vomited about 300 ml of coffee like gastric content last night with upper abdominal pain.Which of the following is the most valuable for a clear diagnosis? A Emergency endoscopy B X-ray barium penetration C H2 blocker test treatment D Drinking water ultrasound E Gastric juice analysisTopic: Cholecystitis 1. Definition of the disease 2. Signs and Symptoms