A 35-year-old man (height 67 inches, weight 73.3 kg) with known chronic renal disease for 6 months has blood drawn for serum creatinine and urea tests. Urine is collected for a 24-hour quantitative creatinine test; the total volume of urine collected is 1139 mL. The following laboratory results are obtained for the testing done: Urine creatinine: 56 mg/dL Serum creatinine: 9.6 mg/dL Serum urea: 75 mg/dL Questions 1. What does an elevated serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) suggest? 2. What does an elevated creatinine suggest? 3. What is the clinical significance of the GFR and the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio?

A 35-year-old man (height 67 inches, weight 73.3 kg) with known chronic renal disease for 6 months has blood drawn for serum creatinine and urea tests. Urine is collected for a 24-hour quantitative creatinine test; the total volume of urine collected is 1139 mL. The following laboratory results are obtained for the testing done: Urine creatinine: 56 mg/dL Serum creatinine: 9.6 mg/dL Serum urea: 75 mg/dL Questions 1. What does an elevated serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) suggest? 2. What does an elevated creatinine suggest? 3. What is the clinical significance of the GFR and the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio?

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Match the following. Renal cortex Renal medulla Ascending loop of Henle Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Efferent Arteriole Descending loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct Bowman's Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Match the following. Cortical radiate atery Arcuate artery Interlobar artery Vasa recta Renal papilla Efferent arteriole Renal Cortex Afferent Arteriole Renal medulla Glomerulus Renal Capsule Peritubular capillary
How do the renal function tests for this patient compare to a healthy individual?
In order to avoid increased risk of nephrotoxicity to gentamicin, the minimum concentration during the dosing interval should be allowed to decrease below: Group of answer choices 6 mcg/mL The minimum concentration does not matter, the maximum concentration needs to be greater than 20 mcg/mL to avoid increased risk of nephrotoxicity. 3 mcg/mL 2 mcg/mL
In this case, a 72-year-old man with a medical history that includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease with stent implantation, and congestive heart failure is hospitalized for dyspnea while at rest. Despite salt restriction and diuretics, he continued to have swelling in his legs for four weeks. His L ejection fraction (EF) is 40 percent, which is excellent. Humalog (75/25) 20 units QD, furosemide 40 mg BID, metolazone 2.5 mg QD, spironolactone 12.5 mg QD, carvedilol 12.5 mg BID, ramipril 10 mg QD, atorvastatin 40 mg QD, clopidogrel 75 mg QD, and aspirin 81 mg QD are among the medications prescribed. The patient's blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg, his pulse was 102 beats/min, he had JVD, crackles, an S3, a positive hepatojugular reflex, and pitting edema that reached his knees. Na+ concentrations were 134 mEq/L, K+ concentrations were 3.8 mEq/L, Cl concentrations were 90 mEq/L, HCO3 concentrations were 28 mEq/L, BUN concentrations were 46 mg/dL, creatinine…
Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. His cardiovascular risk was > 15% http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol. http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs. Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…
Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. His cardiovascular risk was > 15% http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol. http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs. Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…
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Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. His cardiovascular risk was > 15% http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol. http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs. Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…
A 44-year-old man diagnosed with acute tubular necrosis has a blood urea nitrogen of 60 mg/dL and a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL. A 2+ urine glucose is also reported. Questions:1. State the renal threshold for glucose.2. What is the significance of the positive urineglucose and normal blood glucose?
Despite the administration of dobutamine, there was no substantial improvement in urine production after 24 hours. It is a phosphodiesterase, and it is called milrinone. The inhibitor was administered as a bolus dosage of 25 g/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 g/kg/min to improve inotropy. Blood pressure, urine output, and The edema did not get any better. The blood pressure is 90/70 mmHg. The creatinine level in the blood was 3.2 mg/dL, according to the serum chemistry. Which one of them is your favorite? Following the recommended treatment methods will help him improve his condition. A. Start peritoneal dialysis as soon as possible (PD) B. Hemodialysis should be started. C. Activate continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration for the first time (CVVHDF) D. To begin, take tolvaptan. E. Begin the process of aquapheresis.
Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. His cardiovascular risk was > 15% http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol. http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs. Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…
Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus His cardiovascular risk was > 15% http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol. http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs. Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…