A 300-g mass lying on a frictionless table is oscillating at the end of a horizontal spring. The spring can be both stretched and compressed. The spring constant is 400 N/m. The spring is initially stretched a distance of 12 cm from its equilibrium (unstretched) position prior to release. c) What is the velocity of the mass at this point? d) Ignoring friction, what are the values of the potential energy, kinetic energy, and velocity of the mass when the mass is 6 cm from the equilibrium position? e) What is the ratio of the value of the velocity computed in part d to that in part c? (This is interesting because, even though you are midway between the equilibrium point and the maximum displacement, the velocity is much closer to the maximum velocity at the equilibrium point. A plot of the velocity versus time would look sinusoidal.)
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion in which an object undergoes oscillatory motion. The restoring force exerted by the object exhibiting SHM is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. The force is directed towards the mean position. We see many examples of SHM around us, common ones are the motion of a pendulum, spring and vibration of strings in musical instruments, and so on.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum comprises a heavy mass (called bob) attached to one end of the weightless and flexible string.
Oscillation
In Physics, oscillation means a repetitive motion that happens in a variation with respect to time. There is usually a central value, where the object would be at rest. Additionally, there are two or more positions between which the repetitive motion takes place. In mathematics, oscillations can also be described as vibrations. The most common examples of oscillation that is seen in daily lives include the alternating current (AC) or the motion of a moving pendulum.
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