A 2.00-kg pendulum ball is attached to a light-uniform cable of length 1.20 m that is hanging from the ceiling at an angle of 50.00 to the vertical. When the pendulum ball is released from the rest position, it swings to the very bottom of the motion where it collides head-on with a 1.40-kg block that is initially at rest on a level surface. If the pendulum ball recoils at 1.50 m/s, what is the speed of the block after the collision? a. 3.03 m/s  b. 5.98 m/s  c. 6.29 m/s  d. 3.88 m/s  e. 4.75 m/s

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.