Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
1 Basic Concepts Of Chemistry 2 Atoms Molecules And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions 4 Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions 5 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Energy And Chemical Reactions 6 The Structure Of Atoms 7 The Structure Of Atoms And Periodic Trends 8 Bonding And Molecular Structure 9 Bonding And Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization And Molecular Orbitals 10 Gases And Their Properties 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids 12 The Solid State 13 Solutions And Their Behavior 14 Chemical Kinetics: The Rates Of Chemical Reactions 15 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria 16 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: The Chemistry Of Acids And Bases 17 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Other Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibria 18 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy And Free Energy 19 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions 20 Environmental Chemistry-earth's Environment, Energy, And Sustainability 21 The Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements 22 The Chemistry Of The Transistion Elements 23 Carbon: Not Just Another Element 24 Biochemistry 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter10: Gases And Their Properties
10.1 Modeling A State Of Matter: Gases And Gas Pressure 10.2 Gas Laws: The Experimental Basis 10.3 The Ideal Gas Law 10.4 Gas Laws And Chemical Reactions 10.5 Gas Mixtures And Partial Pressures 10.6 The Kinetic-molecular Theory Of Gases 10.7 Diffusion And Effusion 10.8 Nonideal Behavior Of Gases Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PS: Pressure (See Section 10.1 and Example 10.1.) The pressure of a gas is 440 mm Hg. Express this... Problem 2PS: The average barometric pressure at an altitude of 10 km is 210 mm Hg. Express this pressure in... Problem 3PS: Indicate which represents the higher pressure in each of the following pairs: (a) 534 mm Hg or 0.754... Problem 4PS: Put the following in order of increasing pressure: 363 mm Hg, 363 kPa, 0.256 atm, and 0.523 bar. Problem 5PS Problem 6PS Problem 7PS: You have 3.5 L of NO at a temperature of 22.0 C. What volume would the NO occupy at 37 C? (Assume... Problem 8PS Problem 9PS Problem 10PS: You have a sample of CO2 in flask A with a volume of 25.0 mL. At 20.5 C, the pressure of the gas is... Problem 11PS: You have a sample of gas in a flask with a volume of 250 mL. At 25.5 C, the pressure of the gas is... Problem 12PS: A sample of gas occupies 135 mL at 22.5 C; the pressure is 165 mm Hg. What is the pressure of the... Problem 13PS: One of the cylinders of an automobile engine has a volume of 400. cm3. The engine takes in air at a... Problem 14PS: A helium-filled balloon of the type used in long-distance flying contains 420,000 ft3 (1.2 107 L)... Problem 15PS: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) (a) You... Problem 16PS: Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) What volume of O2... Problem 17PS: A 1.25-g sample of CO2 is contained in a 750.-mL flask at 22.5 C. What is the pressure of the gas? Problem 18PS: A balloon holds 30.0 kg of helium. What is the volume of the balloon if its pressure is 1.20 atm and... Problem 19PS: A flask is first evacuated so that it contains no gas at all. Then, 2.2 g of CO2 is introduced into... Problem 20PS Problem 21PS Problem 22PS Problem 23PS: Forty miles above Earths surface, the temperature is 250 K, and the pressure is only 0.20 mm Hg.... Problem 24PS Problem 25PS: A gaseous organofluorine compound has a density of 0.355 g/L at 17 C and 189 mm Hg. What is the... Problem 26PS Problem 27PS: A 1 007-g sample of an unknown gas exerts a pressure of 715 mm Hg in a 452-mL container at 23 C.... Problem 28PS: A 0.0130-g sample of a gas with an empirical formula of C4H5 is placed in a 165-mL flask. It has a... Problem 29PS: A new boron hydride, BxHy, has been isolated. To find its molar mass, you measure the pressure of... Problem 30PS: Acetaldehyde is a common liquid compound that vaporizes readily. Determine the molar mass of... Problem 31PS: Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce iron(II) chloride and hydrogen gas: Fe(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ... Problem 32PS: Silane, SiH4, reacts with O2 to give silicon dioxide and water: SiH4(g) + 2 O2(g) SiO2(s) + 2 H2O()... Problem 33PS Problem 34PS: The hydrocarbon octane (C8H18) bums to give CO2 and water vapor: 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) +... Problem 35PS Problem 36PS: A self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) uses canisters containing potassium... Problem 37PS: What is the total pressure in atmospheres of a gas mixture that contains 1.0 g of H2 and 8.0 g of Ar... Problem 38PS: A cylinder of compressed gas is labeled Composition (mole %): 4.5% H2S, 3.0% CO2, balance N2. The... Problem 39PS: A halothane-oxygen mixture (C2HBrCIF3 + O2) can be used as an anesthetic. A tank containing such a... Problem 40PS: A collapsed balloon is filled with He to a volume of 12.5 L at a pressure of 1.00 atm. Oxygen, O2,... Problem 41PS: You have two flasks of equal volume. Flask A contains H2 at 0 C and 1 atm pressure. Flask B contains... Problem 42PS: Equal masses of gaseous N2 and Ar are placed in separate flasks of equal volume at the same... Problem 43PS: If the rms speed of an oxygen molecule is 4.28 104 cm/s at a given temperature, what is the rms... Problem 44PS Problem 45PS: Place the following gases in order of increasing rms speed at 25 C: Ar, CH4, N2, CH2F2. Problem 46PS Problem 47PS: In each pair of gases below, tell which will effuse faster: (a) CO2 or F2 (b) O2 or N2 (c) C2H4 or... Problem 48PS Problem 49PS Problem 50PS: A sample of uranium fluoride is found to effuse at the rate of 17.7 mg/h. Under comparable... Problem 51PS Problem 52PS Problem 53PS: In the text, it is stated that the pressure of 4.00 mol of Cl2 in a 4.00-L tank at 100.0 C should be... Problem 54PS: You want to store 165 g of CO2 gas in a 12.5-L tank at room temperature (25 C). Calculate the... Problem 55PS: Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 325 g of H2O at a temperature of 275 C. (a) Calculate the pressure... Problem 56PS: Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 375 g of Ar at a temperature of 25 C. (a) Calculate the pressure... Problem 57GQ: Complete the following table: Problem 58GQ: On combustion, 1.0 L of a gaseous compound of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen gives 2.0 L of CO2, 3.5... Problem 59GQ: You have a sample of helium gas at 33 C, and you want to increase the rms speed of helium atoms by... Problem 60GQ Problem 61GQ: Butyl mercaptan, C4H9SH, has a very bad odor and is among the compounds added to natural gas to help... Problem 62GQ Problem 63GQ: The temperature of the atmosphere on Mars can be as high as 27 C at the equator at noon, and the... Problem 64GQ: If you place 2.25 g of solid silicon in a 6.56-L flask that contains CH3Cl with a pressure of 585 mm... Problem 65GQ: What volume (in liters) of O2, measured at standard temperature and pressure, is required to oxidize... Problem 66GQ: Nitroglycerin decomposes into four different gases when detonated: 4 C3H5(NO3)3() 6 N2(g) + O2(g) +... Problem 67GQ: Ni(CO)4 can be made by reacting finely divided nickel with gaseous CO. If you have CO in a 1.50-L... Problem 68GQ: Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) (a) Four gases are... Problem 69GQ: You have four gas samples: 1. 1.0 L of H2 at STP 2. 1.0 L of Ar at STP 3. 1.0 L of H2 at 27 C and... Problem 70GQ: Propane reacts with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water vapor. C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4... Problem 71GQ: Iron carbonyl can be made by the direct reaction of iron metal and carbon monoxide. Fe(s) + 5 CO(g) ... Problem 72GQ Problem 73GQ: There are five compounds in the family of sulfur-fluorine compounds with the general formula SxFy.... Problem 74GQ: A miniature volcano can be made in the laboratory with ammonium dichromate. When ignited, it... Problem 75GQ: The density of air 20 km above Earths surface is 92 g/m3. The pressure of the atmosphere is 42 mm... Problem 76GQ Problem 77GQ: Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, reacts with fluorine to give a new gas that contains Cl, O, and F. In an... Problem 78GQ: A xenon fluoride can be prepared by heating a mixture of Xe and F2 gases to a high temperature in a... Problem 79GQ Problem 80GQ Problem 81GQ Problem 83GQ: Carbon dioxide, CO2, was shown lo effuse through a porous plate at the rate of 0.033 mol/min. The... Problem 84GQ Problem 85GQ Problem 86GQ Problem 87GQ: You are given 1.56 g of a mixture of KClO3 and KCl. When heated, the KClO3 decomposes to KCl and O2,... Problem 88GQ: A study of climbers who reached the summit of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen showed that... Problem 89GQ: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide: 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) (a) Place... Problem 90GQ: Ammonia gas is synthesized by combining hydrogen and nitrogen: 3 H2(g) + N2(g) 2 NH3(g) (a) If you... Problem 91GQ: Nitrogen trifluoride is prepared by the reaction of ammonia and fluorine. 4 NH3(g) + 3 F2(g) 3... Problem 92GQ: Chlorine trifluoride, ClF3, is a valuable reagent because it can be used to convert metal oxides to... Problem 93GQ Problem 94GQ Problem 95IL: You have a 550.-mL tank of gas with a pressure of 1.56 atm at 24 C. You thought the gas was pure... Problem 96IL Problem 97IL Problem 98IL: Group 2A metal carbonates are decomposed to the metal oxide and CO2 on heating: MCO3(s) MO(s) +... Problem 99IL: One way to synthesize diborane, B2H6, is the reaction 2 NaBH4(s) + 2 H3PO4() B2H6(g) + 2 NaH2PO4(s)... Problem 100IL: You are given a solid mixture of NaNO2 and NaCl and are asked to analyze it for the amount of NaNO2... Problem 101IL: You have 1.249 g of a mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. You find that 12.0 mL of 1.50 M HCl is required... Problem 102IL Problem 103IL: Many nitrate salts can be decomposed by heating. For example, blue, anhydrous copper(II) nitrate... Problem 105IL: You have a gas, one of the three known phosphorus-fluorine compounds (PF3, PF3, and P2F4). To find... Problem 106IL Problem 107SCQ: A 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2 at 25 C. (a) Which gas has the greater partial... Problem 108SCQ: If equal masses of O2 and N2 are placed in separate containers of equal volume at the same... Problem 109SCQ: You have two pressure-proof steel cylinders of equal volume, one containing 1.0 kg of CO and the... Problem 110SCQ Problem 111SCQ Problem 112SCQ: Each of four flasks is filled with a different gas. Each flask has the same volume, and each is... Problem 113SCQ Problem 114SCQ: The sodium azide required for automobile air bags is made by the reaction of sodium metal with... Problem 115SCQ Problem 116SCQ Problem 27PS: A 1 007-g sample of an unknown gas exerts a pressure of 715 mm Hg in a 452-mL container at 23 C....
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Concept explainers
A 1.445-g sample of an unknown gas (hydrocarbon: alkane group) exerts a pressure of 425.99
mm Hg in a 876-mL container at 25
oC. What is the possible name and composition of
hydrocarbon?
Definition Definition Simplest organic compounds that contain only single bonds between carbon – carbon atoms and carbon – hydrogen bonds. This means they are a series of saturated compounds with a general molecular formula, C n H 2n+2 .
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