9. Draw the three different types of transporter proteins used in active transport. After doing this, label which type of transporter protein the Na2+/K+ pump is.
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- 15. Describe the differences between channel-mediated and carrier-mediated transport.1. Name the two forms of passive transport. 2. With reference to a named, specific example, describe the processes involved in channel mediated diffusion. In your answe state what kind of transport it is. 3. Explain why the graph obtained for facilitated diffusion when velocity of transport of a given molecule is plotted against its concentration is a hyperbola. In your answer, highlight the events that occur along the hyperbola.1. Summarize the process in which the sodium-potassium pump transports solutes across the plasma membrane. (Keywords: transport of 2 potassium ions to the cytosol, import of 3 sodium ions outside of the cell; establishment of electrochemical gradient; use of active transporter which utilizes energy to transport ions against the gradient)
- 4. Using the figure to the right, explain the similarities and differences between the two types of passive transport that are shown. Passive transport Diffusion Facilitated diffusion 5. Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that plays an important role in helping to control blood pressure. Normal blood pH is just above 7, and around the neutral pH range of 7 renin works best. Explain what might happen to the enzyme if the pH in blood changes so much that it does not match the enzyme's optimal range where it functions best. Underscore the severity of this problem beyond the enzyme itself, thinking about the overall health. Part #3 Data Analysis Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means they speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy without being used up. Look at the graphs to the right and explain why the shapes of the graphs are 1. different. Make sure to use the term 'saturation leveľ in your answer. Enzyme concentration (b) Substrate concentration (a)…7. The diffusion constant for the membrane protein fibronectin is approximately 0.7 x 10-12 cm²/sec, whereas that for rhodopsin is about 3 x 10-9 cm2/sec. Calculate the distance traversed (in nanometers) by each of these proteins in 50 msec.1. With reference to a named, specific example, describe the processes involved in channel mediated diffusion. In your answe state what kind of transport it is.
- 1. Explain why the graph obtained for facilitated diffusion when velocity of transport of a given molecule is plotted against its concentration is a hyperbola. In your answer, highlight the events that occur along the hyperbola.42.The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports three sodium into the cell for every one calcium out of the cell. Given what you know about ion concentrations, which of the following is/are true? A. sodium is being transported against its concentration gradient B. sodium is being transported with its concentration gradient C. calcium is being transported against its concentration gradient D. calcium is being transported with its concentration gradient Using a cell line, you are experimenting on transporters in the laboratory. You apply to the cell a chemical that inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase. What do you notice about other transportation mechanisms across the cell membrane? Choose all that are correct. A. symporters cease to work B. antiporters cease to work C. movement of ions thru channels is altered as concentration gradients diminish D. calcium ATPase ceases to work 44.The sodium/glucose transporter (SGLT)…8. The cartoon at the right depicts a hypothetical cell that has a Lit-K* ATPase (shown as the filled circle with arrows). The cell also contains Lit and K* channels. The membrane is three times more permeable to K* than it is to Li*. The following are the steady state concentrations of Li* and K*: [Li*]out = 100 mM [Li*]in = 5 mM [K*]out = 4 mM Lit ADP + P, ATP [K*lin = 80 mM = 10°C Temp = Assuming that the Vm is produced only by the diffusion of Li* and K*, calculate the Vm.
- 9. Match each of the following statements related to membrane transport processes to the appropriate term: passive transport, facilitated transport, active transport. More than one term may apply in a given situation. _a. Movement across the membrane is against the concentration gradient. _b. Proteins serve as "gates." _c. Expenditure of cellular energy is required. _d. Movement across the membrane is from a high to a low concentration.8. Define homeostasis. maintoining nterral balance 9. What role does the cell membrane play in maintaining homeostasis? 10. How is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion? How are they similar? 11. List two ways that active transport is different than passive transport. 1) 2) 12. Why is the sodium-potassium pump considered an active transport? Which direction are the sodium and potassium bing pumped? How many sodiums are being pumped? How many potassiums are being pumped?3. Draw and label a diagram that demonstrates the difference between tonicity and osmolarity. Be sure to label the new solutions in each condition, draw the changes (if predicted) in cell shape/volume, and clearly use arrows to indicate the movement of water relative to the cell. Please start with a red blood cell in an isotonic solution (Figure D) and show what happens to cell shape and water movement when NaCl (remember that the membrane is permeable to neither of these ions) (Figure E) or urea (a permeable ion) (Figure F).