8. The table below summarizes baseline characteristics of patients participating in a clinical trial. a) Are there any statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups? Justify your answer. b) Write the hypotheses and the test statistic used to compare ages between groups. (No calculations – jusio, H1 and form of the teet statistic). c)Write the hypotheses andthe test statistic used tocompare % females betweerrgroups. INe caleulations ust Ho, Htrand form of the test statistic). d) Write the hypotheses and the test statistic used to compare % females between groups. (No calculations - just Ho, H1 and form of the test statistic.) Placebo (n = 125) Characteristic Experimental ( n =125) Mean (+_SD) Age 53 + 4.9 54 + 4.5 0.7856 % Female 39% 52% 0.0289 0.0986 % Less than High School Education 24% 22% 36% % Completing High School 37% % Completing Some College Mean (+SD) Systolic Blood Pressure 39% 42% 136 + 13.8 134 + 12.4 0.4736 Mean (+ SD) Total Cholesterol 214 + 24.9 0.8954 210 + 23.1 % Current Smokers 17% 15% 0.5741 % with Diabetes 8% 3% 0.0438

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Permutations and Combinations

If there are 5 dishes, they can be relished in any order at a time. In permutation, it should be in a particular order. In combination, the order does not matter. Take 3 letters a, b, and c. The possible ways of pairing any two letters are ab, bc, ac, ba, cb and ca. It is in a particular order. So, this can be called the permutation of a, b, and c. But if the order does not matter then ab is the same as ba. Similarly, bc is the same as cb and ac is the same as ca. Here the list has ab, bc, and ac alone. This can be called the combination of a, b, and c.

Counting Theory

The fundamental counting principle is a rule that is used to count the total number of possible outcomes in a given situation.