### Question 8: Nucleophilicity in Polar Aprotic Solvents**Objective:** Rank the given species in order of increasing nucleophilicity in a polar aprotic solvent. Start with the weakest nucleophile.**Species to Rank:**- \( \text{Cl}^- \)- \( \text{SH}^- \)- \( \text{CH}_3^- \)- \( \text{OH}^- \)**Ranking Order:**Given the nature of polar aprotic solvents, which do not solvate anions strongly, nucleophilicity correlates closely with basicity. The less favorable the conjugate acid (higher pKa), the more nucleophilic the ion generally is in these solvents.1. **Weakest Nucleophile: \( \text{Cl}^- \)** 2. \( \text{OH}^- \)3. \( \text{SH}^- \)4. **Strongest Nucleophile: \( \text{CH}_3^- \)**### Explanation- **\( \text{Cl}^- \):** Typically a weak nucleophile in polar aprotic solvents.- **\( \text{OH}^- \) and \( \text{SH}^- \):** Both stronger than chloride, but sulfur being larger and less electronegative, \( \text{SH}^- \) is a slightly better nucleophile than \( \text{OH}^- \).- **\( \text{CH}_3^- \):** As a carbanion, it is a powerful nucleophile due to its very high basicity, surpassing both \( \text{OH}^- \) and \( \text{SH}^- \).This order is essential for understanding reactions such as substitution in organic chemistry, particularly in solvents that don't stabilize the charge of the nucleophile, allowing for a more direct comparison based on intrinsic reactivity.

To solve this problem we have to know about the nucleophilicity . Nucleophilicity means the ability to donate electrons to other species in a reaction . In the polar aprotic solvent the increasing order of nucleophilicity is given by SH- < OH- < Cl- < CH3- Therefore Answer = B < D < A < C

Answered: 8. Rank in order of increasing…

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8. Rank in order of increasing nucleophilicity (starting with the weakest one) in polar aprotic solvent: CI SH CH3 OH A B C D

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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