8. In this case, the pH of the Flint River is well-characterized at 7.92. Based on your chemical intuition (think LeChatlier's principle), would increasing the solution pH cause the [Pb²*] to increase or decrease? Why? 9. Since we know the measured pH of the River is 7.92, this simplifies our approach (slightly). Through the magic (algebra) of systematic treatment of equilibrium, we can relate Pb²* concentrations to pH through the following relationship. Ка, х Ка, х Каз Ka,KażKaz + Ka, Kaz[H*] + Kaj[H*]² + [H*]³) 2 Ksp [Pb2+j* Use the relationship above to solve for the Pb²* concentration at the pH of 7.92. 10. Compare this answer to that from number lc. Were the early journalists correct in their assertions that the higher pH of the Flint River was the sole cause of the Pb leaching issue? How do you know?

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### Text Transcription for Educational Website

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**8.** In this case, the pH of the Flint River is well-characterized at 7.92. Based on your chemical intuition (think LeChatlier’s principle), would increasing the solution pH cause the \([Pb^{2+}]\) to increase or decrease? Why?

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**9.** Since we know the measured pH of the River is 7.92, this simplifies our approach (*slightly*). Through the magic (algebra) of systematic treatment of equilibrium, we can relate \(Pb^{2+}\) concentrations to pH through the following relationship.

\[
K_{sp} = \frac{2}{3} [Pb^{2+}]^4 \left\{ \frac{K_{a_1} \times K_{a_2} \times K_{a_3}}{K_{a_1}K_{a_2}K_{a_3} + K_{a_1}K_{a_2}[H^+] + K_{a_1}[H^+]^2 + [H^+]^3} \right\}
\]

*Use the relationship above to solve for the \(Pb^{2+}\) concentration at the pH of 7.92.*

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**10.** Compare this answer to that from number 1c. Were the early journalists correct in their assertions that the higher pH of the Flint River was the sole cause of the Pb leaching issue? How do you know?

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Transcribed Image Text:### Text Transcription for Educational Website --- **8.** In this case, the pH of the Flint River is well-characterized at 7.92. Based on your chemical intuition (think LeChatlier’s principle), would increasing the solution pH cause the \([Pb^{2+}]\) to increase or decrease? Why? --- **9.** Since we know the measured pH of the River is 7.92, this simplifies our approach (*slightly*). Through the magic (algebra) of systematic treatment of equilibrium, we can relate \(Pb^{2+}\) concentrations to pH through the following relationship. \[ K_{sp} = \frac{2}{3} [Pb^{2+}]^4 \left\{ \frac{K_{a_1} \times K_{a_2} \times K_{a_3}}{K_{a_1}K_{a_2}K_{a_3} + K_{a_1}K_{a_2}[H^+] + K_{a_1}[H^+]^2 + [H^+]^3} \right\} \] *Use the relationship above to solve for the \(Pb^{2+}\) concentration at the pH of 7.92.* --- **10.** Compare this answer to that from number 1c. Were the early journalists correct in their assertions that the higher pH of the Flint River was the sole cause of the Pb leaching issue? How do you know? ---
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