8. Give an example of a group G where the set of all elements that are their own inverses does NOT form a subgroup.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Chapter 3 Homework

1. Prove that in any group, an element and its inverse have the same order.

2. Let \( x \) be in a group \( G \). If \( x^* = e \) and \( x^{**} = e \), prove that \( x^{**} = e \) and \( x^{**} = e \).

3. Show that \( Z_{10} = x^3 \equiv 3 \, (\text{mod} \, 10) \).

4. If \( H \) and \( K \) are subgroups of a group \( G \), show that \( HCK \) is a subgroup of \( G \).

5. If \( H_\alpha : \alpha \in A \) are a family of subgroups of the group \( G \), show that \( \bigcap H_\alpha \) is a subgroup of \( G \).

6. If \( G \) is a group and \( a \) is an element of \( G \), show that \( C(a) = C(a^{-1}) \).

7. Use the following Cayley table for the Group \( G \) to answer 7A, 7B, and 7C:

   |   | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
   |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
   | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
   | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 |
   | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6 |
   | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
   | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
   | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
   | 7 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6
Transcribed Image Text:Chapter 3 Homework 1. Prove that in any group, an element and its inverse have the same order. 2. Let \( x \) be in a group \( G \). If \( x^* = e \) and \( x^{**} = e \), prove that \( x^{**} = e \) and \( x^{**} = e \). 3. Show that \( Z_{10} = x^3 \equiv 3 \, (\text{mod} \, 10) \). 4. If \( H \) and \( K \) are subgroups of a group \( G \), show that \( HCK \) is a subgroup of \( G \). 5. If \( H_\alpha : \alpha \in A \) are a family of subgroups of the group \( G \), show that \( \bigcap H_\alpha \) is a subgroup of \( G \). 6. If \( G \) is a group and \( a \) is an element of \( G \), show that \( C(a) = C(a^{-1}) \). 7. Use the following Cayley table for the Group \( G \) to answer 7A, 7B, and 7C: | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6 | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6
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