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8. Calculating the gain of the baroreceptor reflex: Aortic versus Carotid feedback We derived the equations for the negative feedback control of mean arterial blood pressure based on the diagram below. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Control R D Σ PA G=System H=Sensors Anatomically, there are two locations in the cardiovascular system where arterial pressure is sent to the brain. One is the carotid sinus region located at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery supplies the blood to the brain, and thus it is critical that this vessel has an adequate supply of blood. The other baroreceptor is located on the aortic arch, immediately after the blood is pumped from the heart. These baroreceptors can be modeled as two separate feedback systems (which they are). They provide two sources of information about the arterial pressure as illustrated in the control diagram below from Berne and Levy, which shows the mean aortic pressure before and after a hemorrhage. Carotid only Aortic only No baroreflexes 140 140 140 14% decrease 120 120 120 38% decrease 48% decrease Mean aortic pressure (mm Hg) 60 80 60 80 60 80 60 60 60 A Before After B Before After C Before After The baroreceptor reflex system can be divided into a carotid component with gain Hc, and an aortic component with gain Ha. i. ii. iii. Draw the control loop diagram for the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors. Derive the equation for the change in Pa (APA), the mean arterial pressure, using the standard notation given in the background section of this problem. Which system (carotid or aortic) has the greatest gain? Explain your answer graphically and mathematically.

8. Calculating the gain of the baroreceptor reflex: Aortic versus Carotid feedback We derived the equations for the negative feedback control of mean arterial blood pressure based on the diagram below. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Control R D Σ PA G=System H=Sensors Anatomically, there are two locations in the cardiovascular system where arterial pressure is sent to the brain. One is the carotid sinus region located at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery supplies the blood to the brain, and thus it is critical that this vessel has an adequate supply of blood. The other baroreceptor is located on the aortic arch, immediately after the blood is pumped from the heart. These baroreceptors can be modeled as two separate feedback systems (which they are). They provide two sources of information about the arterial pressure as illustrated in the control diagram below from Berne and Levy, which shows the mean aortic pressure before and after a hemorrhage. Carotid only Aortic only No baroreflexes 140 140 140 14% decrease 120 120 120 38% decrease 48% decrease Mean aortic pressure (mm Hg) 60 80 60 80 60 80 60 60 60 A Before After B Before After C Before After The baroreceptor reflex system can be divided into a carotid component with gain Hc, and an aortic component with gain Ha. i. ii. iii. Draw the control loop diagram for the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors. Derive the equation for the change in Pa (APA), the mean arterial pressure, using the standard notation given in the background section of this problem. Which system (carotid or aortic) has the greatest gain? Explain your answer graphically and mathematically.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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8. Calculating the gain of the baroreceptor reflex: Aortic versus Carotid feedback We derived the equations for the negative feedback control of mean arterial blood pressure based on the diagram below. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Control R D Σ PA G=System H=Sensors Anatomically, there are two locations in the cardiovascular system where arterial pressure is sent to the brain. One is the carotid sinus region located at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery supplies the blood to the brain, and thus it is critical that this vessel has an adequate supply of blood. The other baroreceptor is located on the aortic arch, immediately after the blood is pumped from the heart. These baroreceptors can be modeled as two separate feedback systems (which they are). They provide two sources of information about the arterial pressure as illustrated in the control diagram below from Berne and Levy, which shows the mean aortic pressure before and after a hemorrhage. Carotid only Aortic only No baroreflexes 140 140 140 14% decrease 120 120 120 38% decrease 48% decrease Mean aortic pressure (mm Hg) 60 80 60 80 60 80 60 60 60 A Before After B Before After C Before After The baroreceptor reflex system can be divided into a carotid component with gain Hc, and an aortic component with gain Ha. i. ii. iii. Draw the control loop diagram for the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors. Derive the equation for the change in Pa (APA), the mean arterial pressure, using the standard notation given in the background section of this problem. Which system (carotid or aortic) has the greatest gain? Explain your answer graphically and mathematically.
Transcribed Image Text:8. Calculating the gain of the baroreceptor reflex: Aortic versus Carotid feedback We derived the equations for the negative feedback control of mean arterial blood pressure based on the diagram below. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Control R D Σ PA G=System H=Sensors Anatomically, there are two locations in the cardiovascular system where arterial pressure is sent to the brain. One is the carotid sinus region located at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery supplies the blood to the brain, and thus it is critical that this vessel has an adequate supply of blood. The other baroreceptor is located on the aortic arch, immediately after the blood is pumped from the heart. These baroreceptors can be modeled as two separate feedback systems (which they are). They provide two sources of information about the arterial pressure as illustrated in the control diagram below from Berne and Levy, which shows the mean aortic pressure before and after a hemorrhage. Carotid only Aortic only No baroreflexes 140 140 140 14% decrease 120 120 120 38% decrease 48% decrease Mean aortic pressure (mm Hg) 60 80 60 80 60 80 60 60 60 A Before After B Before After C Before After The baroreceptor reflex system can be divided into a carotid component with gain Hc, and an aortic component with gain Ha. i. ii. iii. Draw the control loop diagram for the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors. Derive the equation for the change in Pa (APA), the mean arterial pressure, using the standard notation given in the background section of this problem. Which system (carotid or aortic) has the greatest gain? Explain your answer graphically and mathematically.
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