Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Assignment: Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the following compounds or polyatomic ions.
1. **Magnesium Bromide (MgBr₂)**
2. **Iron(III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃)**
3. **Sulfur Trioxide (SO₃)**
4. **Phosphate Ion (PO₄³⁻)**
5. **Dichromate Ion (Cr₂O₇²⁻)**
6. **Copper(II) Sulfate (CuSO₄)**
### Detailed Explanation
To solve these, use the rules for assigning oxidation numbers:
1. The oxidation number of an atom in a neutral substance that contains atoms of only one element is zero.
2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
3. Oxygen is usually assigned an oxidation number of -2 unless it is in a peroxide, where it is -1, or bonded to fluorine, where it can vary.
4. Hydrogen is +1 when bonded to non-metals and -1 when bonded to metals.
5. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
#### Examples:
1. **MgBr₂**:
- Mg: +2
- Br: -1 (each Br in Br₂, so it multiplies by 2 to match Mg).
2. **Fe₂O₃**:
- Fe: +3 (each Fe)
- O: -2 (each O).
3. **SO₃**:
- S: +6.
- O: -2 (each O).
4. **PO₄³⁻**:
- P: +5.
- O: -2 (each O).
- Sum must equal the ion charge of -3.
5. **Cr₂O₇²⁻**:
- Cr: +6 (each Cr).
- O: -2 (each O).
- Sum must equal the ion charge of -2.
6. **CuSO₄**:
- Cu: +2.
- S: +6.
- O: -2 (each O).
By following these steps, you can assign the oxidation numbers to each element in the compounds and
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