(8) A refrigerant 12 refrigeration system requires a loada of 54 kW at an evaporator pressure of 270 kPa and a condenser pressure of 1009 kPa. The refrigerant is subcooled 10 degrees before entering the expansion valve and vapor is superheated 14 degrees before entering the compressor. A twin-cylinder compressor with stroke equal to 1.25 times the bore is to be used at a speed of 27 r/s. The volumetric efficiency is 84 per cent. Determine (a) the quantity of cooling water in the condenser for an 11-degree increase in temperature, (b) the bore and stroke, and (c) the compressor power. Ans. (a) 1.40 kg/s, (b) 8.58 x 10.73 cm, (c) 10.5 kW

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Entropy

In physics, entropy means the amount of disorder or the degree of randomness associated with a thermodynamic system. The system is not self-organized when the entropy of the system is high. For instance, when a system is at an elevated temperature, its molecules are in random motion, vibrating and colliding with each other. During this scenario, the probability of finding a molecule at a particular place twice, is low. Under this circumstance, the system can be said to be in a high entropy.