States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
A weighed sample of iron (Fe) is added to liquid bromine (Br2) and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product, which can be isolated and weighed. The experiment was repeated a number of times with different masses of iron but with the same mass of bromine (see graph below).
a.What mass of Br2 is used when the reaction consumes 2.0 g of Fe?
b.What is the mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction?
c.What is the empirical formula of the product?
d.Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron and bromine.
e.What is the name of the reaction product?
f.Which statement or statements best describe the experiments summarized by the graph?
- When 1.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2 Fe is the limiting 'reagent.
- When 3.50 g of Fe is added to theBr2, there is an excess of Br2.
- When 2.50 g of Fe is added to the Br2, both reactants are used up completely.
- When 2.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2, 10.8 g of product is formed. The percent yield must therefore be 20.0%.
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