7.5 Topic 5: Probability 39. A family wants to have two children. The children can either be male or female. What is the sample space for this experiment? (The order in which the couple has children does matter to the parents.) 40. Let the sample space S of a random experiment be the numbers 1 through 10. So, S = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10}. Define events A, B, and C as follows. A: {1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9} B: { 2,4,5,7,9 } {1,2,3,4,5} C: (a) What outcomes are in the event AN B? (b) What outcomes are in the event BUC? (c) What outcomes are in the event C'? (d) Are the events An B and BnA the same? Why? (e) Are the events BUC and CUB the same? Why? 41. A survey of 100 male students and 100 female students regarding their favorite Mexican food restaurant yielded the results given below. Gender Chipotle Moe's Salsaritas Qʻdoba Male 20 35 38 17 13 Female 30 40 dadeng (a) What is the probability that a respondent is male? (b) What is the probability that a respondent likes Q'doba? (c) What is the probability that a respondent likes Salsaritas and is female? (d) What is the probability that a respondent likes Salsaritas or is female? 42. Consider two disjoint (or mutually exclusive) events A and B. If P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.2, find P(AUB). %3D %3D 43. Consider two disjoint (or mutually exclusive) events A and B with P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.4. Are these probabilities correctly assigned? (Hint: Calculate P(AUB).) %3D %3D 44. Suppose P(A) = 0.60 and P(B) = 0.7. Can events A, B be disjoint? %3D %3D 45. It is estimated that 63% of Americans will watch the Masters golf tournament and only 48% will watch the British Open. If it is estimated that 37% of Americans will watch both tournaments, what is the probability that they will watch at least one of the golf tournaments? 46. Consider drawing two cards from a regular deck of cards (52 cards total, 4 suits, 13 cards in each suit). What is the probability that you draw two Aces if the cards are drawn (a) With replacement? (b) Without replacement?

Q: Question 12

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Addition Rule of Probability

It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.

Expected Value

When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).

Probability Distributions

Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.

Basic Probability

The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.