7.20. Let T: P₂ → P₂ be the differentiation operator defined by T (p(x)) = p'(x) and let B = {1,1 + x, 1+x+x²} be a basis for P₂ as in the previous problem. Find [T], the matrix of T relative to the basis B.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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I kindly request your assistance in exclusively utilizing matrix notation to solve this problem. I am encountering challenges and need guidance without resorting to other methods. Could you please provide a detailed, step-by-step explanation using matrix notation alone to help me arrive at the solution?

Furthermore, I have attached the question and answer for reference. Could you demonstrate the matrix approach leading up to the solution?

**Linear Algebra: Differentiation Operator and Linear Transformation Matrix**

**Problem 7.20:**
Let \( T : P_2 \rightarrow P_2 \) be the differentiation operator defined by \( T(p(x)) = p'(x) \), and let \( \mathcal{B} = \{1, 1 + x, 1 + x + x^2\} \) be a basis for \( P_2 \) as in the previous problem. Find \( [T]_{\mathcal{B}}^{\mathcal{B}} \), the matrix of \( T \) relative to the basis \( \mathcal{B} \).

**Problem 7.21:**
Show that \( \text{Tr} : M_{n \times n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \) is a linear transformation. Find the matrix of the linear transformation \( \text{Tr} : M_{2 \times 2} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \) with respect to the basis of \( M_{2 \times 2} \) given by

\[ E_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_4 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}. \]

**Explanation:**

- **Problem 7.20** involves finding the matrix representation of the differentiation operator \( T \) in the polynomial space \( P_2 \) relative to a specified basis \( \mathcal{B} \).
  
- **Problem 7.21** requires demonstrating that the trace function is a linear transformation and then determining the corresponding matrix for \( \text{Tr} \) given a specific basis for \( 2 \times 2 \) matrices.

Each of these problems involves understanding basis, linear transformations, and matrix representations in linear algebra. They are fundamental concepts for anyone studying this field, providing insight into how different operations and transformations interact with vector spaces and their bases.
Transcribed Image Text:**Linear Algebra: Differentiation Operator and Linear Transformation Matrix** **Problem 7.20:** Let \( T : P_2 \rightarrow P_2 \) be the differentiation operator defined by \( T(p(x)) = p'(x) \), and let \( \mathcal{B} = \{1, 1 + x, 1 + x + x^2\} \) be a basis for \( P_2 \) as in the previous problem. Find \( [T]_{\mathcal{B}}^{\mathcal{B}} \), the matrix of \( T \) relative to the basis \( \mathcal{B} \). **Problem 7.21:** Show that \( \text{Tr} : M_{n \times n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \) is a linear transformation. Find the matrix of the linear transformation \( \text{Tr} : M_{2 \times 2} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \) with respect to the basis of \( M_{2 \times 2} \) given by \[ E_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad E_4 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}. \] **Explanation:** - **Problem 7.20** involves finding the matrix representation of the differentiation operator \( T \) in the polynomial space \( P_2 \) relative to a specified basis \( \mathcal{B} \). - **Problem 7.21** requires demonstrating that the trace function is a linear transformation and then determining the corresponding matrix for \( \text{Tr} \) given a specific basis for \( 2 \times 2 \) matrices. Each of these problems involves understanding basis, linear transformations, and matrix representations in linear algebra. They are fundamental concepts for anyone studying this field, providing insight into how different operations and transformations interact with vector spaces and their bases.
**7.20** 

\[
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 1 & -1 \\
0 & 0 & 2 \\
0 & 0 & 0 
\end{bmatrix}
\]

**7.21** 

\[
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 
\end{bmatrix}
\]
Transcribed Image Text:**7.20** \[ \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \] **7.21** \[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \]
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