Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
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### Chemistry Problem Set - Solutions and Concentration
**Problem 7:**
If 2 moles of NaCl are dissolved to form a solution with a volume of 2 liters, what is the concentration of the solution?
a) 1M
b) 2M
c) 3M
d) 4M
**Problem 8:**
65 grams of Sodium Chloride are dissolved to form a 2-liter solution. Calculate the concentration of the solution. (The rest of the problem statement is not visible in the image).
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### Explanation:
For **Problem 7**, you need to calculate the concentration of the NaCl solution. Concentration (Molarity) is defined as the number of moles of solute divided by the volume of solution in liters. Use the formula:
\[ \text{Molarity (M)} = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}} \]
So, for 2 moles of NaCl in 2 liters of solution:
\[ \text{Molarity} = \frac{2 \text{ moles}}{2 \text{ liters}} = 1M \]
Thus, the answer is **a) 1M**.
For **Problem 8**, you would need additional data not visible in the image to provide a complete solution. Typically, this problem would involve converting the mass of NaCl into moles, and then using the molarity formula similar to Problem 7.
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