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- Suppose a firm A produces a product q, but also pollution x that affects a second firm B. Firm A is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £12 for its product. The cost function of firm A is . Firm B is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £10. Firm B’s cost function is . Compute the social optimum, that is, the equilibrium prices, quantities, and profit when firm A and B are merged. Interpret the conditions5. Exercise 4.5 Roger is a regular consumer of personalized greeting cards with Hofmann photographs. Its demand curve is given by q = 31 -0.5P. Rogelio is a representative consumer of this type of cards so we can assume that the rest of the customers, 1,000 in total, have the same demand curve. The supplier company, Hofmann, can produce each card at a constant average and marginal cost of €2. In the market of personalized greeting cards there are many other companies that offer very similar cards. Consider the following 4 scenarios: (i) Hofmann acts as a perfect competitor. ii) Hofmann acts as a monopolist. iii) Hofmann acts as a first-degree discriminator monopolist iv) Hofmann acts as a second-degree discriminator monopolist and offers each of its customers the possibility to buy the first 15 cards at a unit price of € 32, the next 5 (from € 16 to 20) at a unit price of € 22 and the following 10 (from € 21 to 30) at a unit price of €2. Calculate, for the 4 scenarios proposed, the…Walmart can be viewed as a first mover. Now suppose both Walmart and HEB are considering whether and how to enter a potential market. Market demand is given by the inverse demand function p= 900−q1−q2, where p is the market price margin, q1 is the quantity sold by Walmart and q2is the quantity sold by HEB. To enter the market, a retailer must build a store. Two types of stores can be built: Small and Large. A Small pantry store requires an investment of $50,000, and it allows the retailer to sell as many as 100 units of the goods at zero marginal cost. Alternatively, the retailer can pay $175,000 to construct a Large full-service supermarket that will allow it to sell any number of units at zero marginal cost. Assume Walmart stays out of the potential market (i.e.Walmart chooses not to enterN1at the first stage,q1= 0). Calculate HEB’s profit for the following cases: a.) HEB chooses not to enter N at the second stage after viewing Walmart’schoice. b.) HEB chooses to build a small…
- Suppose that pig farming in a region is a perfectly compet- itive industry. However, one negative consequence of this activity is that it creates water pollution that adversely affects the health of the residents in the nearby communities that rely on the water sources that are contaminated by the pig farms. The market supply curve for pigs (or hogs) is given by H^S = 6p where H^S is the quantity of hogs supplied to the market by farmers in this region. The market demand for hogs is given by H^P = 300 – 4p. The government estimates that the additional medical costs (M) imposed on the nearby communities is given by M = 5H, where H is the quantity of hogs produced and sold in the market. Q: In the absence of clearly defined property rights over water use or con- ventions or some form of government intervention, derive the market equilibrium for hogs and the DWL resulting from the additional medical costs associated with hog production. Please show the formula, thank you.Refer to Figure 14-7. Assume that the market starts in equilibrium at point W in graph (b) and that graph (a) illustrates the cost curves facing individual firms. Suppose that demand increases from D0 to D1. Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Point Z is a long-run equilibrium point. b. Point Y is a long-run equilibrium point. c. Points W, Y, and Z are short-run equilibria points. d. Point W is a long-run equilibrium point. PRICE Graph (a) MC ATC P₂ aa P Q Q QUANTITY PRICE P₂ a a a Graph (b) Q Qy Qx Qz QUANTITY Do D₁In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards healthier eating, and this has led to increased demand for brown bread. A 2022 survey by the Hartman Group found that 62% of consumers are trying to eat healthier, and 58% are looking for more whole grains in their diet. The following diagram illustrates the impact of an increase in demand for brown bread. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? P R12 R11 R10 0 S a) b) 900 1 000 1 100 1 200 1 300 Q Before the increase in demand, the equilibrium price is R10 and the equilibrium quantity is 900. Owing to an increase in demand, the demand curve shifts from D to D1. At a price of R10, after the increase in demand, the quantity demanded is 1 200 and the quantity supplied is 1 100. c) At a price of R10, after the increase in demand, there is an excess demand. d) A new equilibrium position is formed after the increase in demand at an equilibrium price of R12 and an equilibrium quantity of 1 100.
- Refer to Table 2-4 If both members and non-members are allowed to purchase tickets to this year's celebrity golf tournament, then what will be the equilibrium price?Three products compete in a market and their demand and supply functions are qd1 = 44-2p1+p2+p3 qs1 = -10+3p1 qd2 = 25+ p1 –p2 +3p3 qs2 = -15+5p2 qd3 = 40 +2p1+p2 -3p3 qs3 = -18+2p3 where p1, p2, and p3 are the prices. Determine the prices and quantities which result in equilibrium in each market using Cramer’s rule.4. Consider a market where every firm and every potential entrant has the iden- tical cost function C(q) = 3q³-6q² +6q. (a) Find the firm's inverse supply function. (b) Suppose the market demand function is given by QP (P) = 20-2P. Find the long-run equilibrium price, quantity, and the number of firms. (c) Suppose the demand function suddenly becomes perfectly inelastic at quan- tity Q = 7. Find the long-run equilibrium price, quantity and the number of firms. (d) Suppose the demand becomes perfectly inelastic at quantity Q = 7, and the government decides to collect a per unit tax t = 4 from the producers for every unit of the good they sell. Find the long-run equilibrium price, quantity and the number of firms.
- A statistical study estimated that the dental appliance market coexists with a Supply curve given by: O= 75.2+1.4P and a Demand curve given by: D= 446.2-1.1P, where P is the price of sale in real units and quantities in thousands of units. This study also indicated that the average prices practiced are 20% below equilibrium, which has encouraged the search for dental treatment. Considering that the market cannot supply all the customers who are looking for it, how many people will be without access to treatment while prices are below equilibrium?If the cross-price elasticity of demand for good X with respect to good Y equals 0, how is that value interpreted? These goods are complements, and the quantity demanded of good X increases if the price of good Y decreases. These goods are unrelated, and a change in the price of good Y has no effect on the quantity of good X demanded. These goods are normal goods, and a change in buyers income increases the quantity demanded of good X. These goods are substitutes, and the quantity demanded of good X decreases if the price of good Y decreases.Walmart can be viewed as a first mover. Now suppose both Walmart and HEB are considering whether and how to enter a potential market. Market demand is given by the inverse demand function p= 900−q1−q2, where p is the market price margin, q1 is the quantity sold by Walmart and q2is the quantity sold by HEB. To enter the market, a retailer must build a store. Two types of stores can be built: Small and Large. A Small pantry store requires an investment of $50,000, and it allows the retailer to sell as many as 100 units of the goods at zero marginal cost. Alternatively, the retailer can pay $175,000 to construct a Large full-service supermarket that will allow it to sell any number of units at zero marginal cost. *Assume Walmart has built a Large full-service supermarket (i.e.Walmart chooses to build a large full-service supermarket L1 at the first stage). Calculate Walmart's profit for the following cases: a.) HEB chooses not to enter N at the second stage after viewing Walmart’s…