Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
![or Physical Change
(Sample Problems 6.4 to 6.7)
Concept Review Questions
to
6.32 Which is larger, the specific heat capacity or the molar heat
capacity of a substance? Explain.
6.33 What data do you need to determine the specific heat capac-
ity of a substance?
6.34 Is the specific heat capacity of a substance an intensive or
extensive property? Explain.
6.35 Distinguish between specific heat capacity, molar heat ca-
pacity, and heat capacity.
6.36 Both a coffee-cup calorimeter and a bomb calorimeter can be
used to measure the heat transferred in a reaction. Which mea-
sures AE and which measures AH? Explain.
Skill-Building Exercises (grouped in similar pairs)
6.37 Find q when 22.0 g of water is heated from 25.0°C to 100.°C.
6.38 Calculate q when 0.10 g of ice is cooled from 10.°C to -75°C
(Cice = 2.087 J/g K).
6.39 A 295-g aluminum engine part at an initial temperature of
13.00°C absorbs 75.0 kJ of heat. What is the final temperature of
the part (c of Al = 0.900 J/g•K)?
%3D
6.40 A 27.7-g sample of the radiator coolant ethylene glycol releases
688 J of heat. What was the initial temperature of the sample if the
final temperature is 32.5°C (c of ethylene glycol = 2.42 J/g•K)?
6.41 Two iron bolts of equal mass-one at 100.°C, the other at
55°C-are placed in an insulated container. Assuming the heat](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3f1627aa-7129-483c-b690-510f18fd7049%2F2233049e-0c8c-495b-a50f-94b2c5af85c3%2F9pl490i_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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