6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output supplied by firms can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level deviates from the expected price level in the economy. A number of theories explain reasons why this might happen. For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 110. Faced with high menu costs, the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will not change, and firms that rely on catalogs will respond by lowering the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the unexpected increase in the price level causes the quantity of output supplied to fall short of the natural level of output in the short run.

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6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run
In the short run, the quantity of output supplied by firms can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level deviates from the
expected price level in the economy. A number of theories explain reasons why this might happen.
For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose
firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their
goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 110. Faced with high menu costs,
the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will not change, and firms that rely on catalogs will
respond by lowering the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the unexpected increase in the price
level causes the quantity of output supplied to fall short of the natural level of output in the short run.
Suppose the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve is given by the following equation:
Quantity of Output Supplied Natural Level of Output + ax (Price Level-Price Levelged)
The Greek letter a represents a number that determines how much output responds to unexpected changes in the price level. In this case, assume
that a= $2 billion. That is, when the actual price level exceeds the expected price level by 1, the quantity of output supplied will exceed the natural
level of output by $2 billion.
Suppose the natural level of output is $60 billion of real GDP and that people expect a price level of 110.
On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot this economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. Then use the orange
line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 100, 105, 110, 115,
and 120.
Transcribed Image Text:6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output supplied by firms can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level deviates from the expected price level in the economy. A number of theories explain reasons why this might happen. For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 110. Faced with high menu costs, the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will not change, and firms that rely on catalogs will respond by lowering the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the unexpected increase in the price level causes the quantity of output supplied to fall short of the natural level of output in the short run. Suppose the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve is given by the following equation: Quantity of Output Supplied Natural Level of Output + ax (Price Level-Price Levelged) The Greek letter a represents a number that determines how much output responds to unexpected changes in the price level. In this case, assume that a= $2 billion. That is, when the actual price level exceeds the expected price level by 1, the quantity of output supplied will exceed the natural level of output by $2 billion. Suppose the natural level of output is $60 billion of real GDP and that people expect a price level of 110. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot this economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. Then use the orange line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120.
Homework (Ch 20)
line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 100, 105, 110, 115,
and 120
PRICE LEVEL
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
2 2
80
75
0
10 20
30 40 50 60 70
OUTPUT (Billions of dollars)
80 90 100
AS
LRAS
The short-run quantity of output supplied by firms will fall short of the natural level of output when the actual price level
level that people expected.
the price
Transcribed Image Text:Homework (Ch 20) line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120 PRICE LEVEL 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 2 2 80 75 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 80 90 100 AS LRAS The short-run quantity of output supplied by firms will fall short of the natural level of output when the actual price level level that people expected. the price
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