6. Select the false statement concerning hybrid orbitals Hybrid orbitals can only form sigma bonds b. Hybrid orbitals are the result of mixing pure atomic orbitals Hybrid orbitals have shapes similar to d orbitals Hybrid orbitals are able to explain experimental bond angles A C. 7. In lab, you add 100 grams of an unknown salt to a liter of water contained in a beaker. The salt dissolves, forming a solution. The beaker feels cold to the touch. Based on this information, what are the signs (+ or -) for AG, AH, and AS related to this solution formation? AG=, AH = -, and AS=- b. a. AG = +, AH =+, and AS =+ %3D c. AG = +, AH =-, and AS =+ P. AG = -, AH =+, and AS =+ e. AG = -, ΔΗ and AS =+ %3D %3D In neutral molecules, how many bonds are commonly formed by members of the oxygen group? a. b. 4 3 e. 1 9. What phase of matter typically exists at extremely high pressures and extremely high temperatures? a. Solid b. Liquid Gas P. C Supercritical fluid Gelatin e. 10. Which of the following is an exothermic process?
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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