6. For the following polyunsaturated triglyceride: a) Label the indicated alkenes as cis or trans b) How many T bonds are the molecule? c) For the indicated bond, specify what orbitals are overlapping to form the bond. How many p bonds are in this molecule? (what orbitals are overlapping to form this bond?)
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
The type of alkenes (cis/trans), the number of π bonds are to be determined in the given trigyceride. What orbitals are overlapping in the indicated bond are to be specified.
The given triglyceride is,
The alkenes are the compounds which have carbon - carbon double bond and indicated as C=C. The each C=C bond is made up of one sigma (σ) bond and one pi (π) bond. The each C=O bond also have one sigma (σ) bond and one pi (π) bond.
The type of orbitals overlapped in the particular bond can be determined from the hybridization of bonded atoms.
The alkenes or C=C bonds are of two types cis and trans. In cis form, the same priority groups are on same side of the plane of C=C bond and in trans form, the same priority groups are on opposite sides.
The CIP rules are nothing but Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules are used to assign cis/trans descriptor to each double bond so that the configuration of the entire molecule can be specified.
The CIP priority rules:
- The higher the atomic number, the higher the priority.
- If two atoms have substituents of the same priority, higher priority is assigned to the atom with more of these substituents.
- A larger group (i.e., more atoms) may not necessarily have a higher priority over another (smaller) group.
- Atoms participating in double/triple bonds are considered to be bonded to an equivalent number of similar “phantom” atoms by single bonds.
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