6. A panel of cell lines was created from human-mouse somatic- cell fusions. Each line was examined for the presence of human chromosomes and for the production of the enzyme encoded by the gene of interest. The following results were obtained: Cell Enzyme Human Chromosomes Line 1489 12 14 17 22 X A - ++ - В + - + + + + + C +++ + + D + ++ - + + On the basis of these results, the gene encoding the enzyme of interest is located on which human chromosome? + +
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- Based on the following results indicate the probable chromosomal location for each enzyme. The "+" and "." signs indicate the presence or absence of human chromosome or enzyme activity respectively. Human chromosome Clone 3 7 9 11 15 18 | 20 A + - B + + + Enzyme Clone A В D E A + + + В + + + + + + + + + + N + + +A mutation that increases the reach of Aurora B where Ndc80 can be modified under tension would lead to: Select one: O a. chromosomes strongly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when not yet bivalently attached O b. chromosomes strongly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when bivalently attached O c. chromosomes weakly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when not yet bivalently attached O d. chromosomes weakly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when bivalently attached2.) One experimental tool used in the biological research and in clinical settings is called Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) or cell cytometry. For example, a cell membrane permeable (or nonpolar) chemical called Hoescht 33342 dye will specifically label DNA. Interpret the graph (Figure 17-4) that illustrates normal cells that have been labeled with Hoescht 33342 dye, and assign which phase(s) of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, or M) corresponds to the fluorescence intensity. Justify your answers. 1 relative fluorescence per cell Figure 17-4 Analysis of Hoechst 33342 fluorescence in a population of cells sorted in a flow cytometer (Problem 17-15). number of cells
- If you expose a culture of human cells (for example,HeLa cells) to 3H-thymidine during S phase, howwould the radioactivity be distributed over a pair ofhomologous chromosomes at metaphase? Would theradioactivity be in (a) one chromatid of one homolog,(b) both chromatids of one homolog, (c) one chromatid each of both homologs, (d) both chromatids ofboth homologs, or (e) some other pattern? Choose thecorrect answer and explain your reasoning.Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis ofCell-Cycle Mutants in Yeast:a. Describe how you would use replica plating ofmutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identifytemperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essentialgenes needed for yeast growth and survival.b. Among the many ts mutations you found in part(a), how would you distinguish mutations in genesneeded for cell-cycle progression from those ingenes needed for other aspects of the life of yeasts?c. If you had a large collection of yeast cell-cyclemutants, how would you determine which of themutations are in the same gene and which are indifferent genes?Below is shown a recombination intermediate between two non-sister chromatids (both strands of the double helix are shown for each chromatid with one chromatid shown in grey, the other in black). A a 000 00 1 ↓ 1 and 2 1 and 4 2 and 4 1 and 3 3 and 4 2→ 2 ↑ 1 3 ↓ 4-→ - ↑ 3 -4 B At the two Holliday junctions shown, breakage and and rejoining of DNA strands are needed to allow resolution of the junctions and subsequent separation of chromatids at the end of meiosis I. Which combination of breakage sites (numbered arrows) will result in creation of the recombinant chromatids, Ab and aB? b
- Please answer the following questions: 1. What is the role of MinC, MinD, and MinE in bacterial cell division? a. What would happen if MinC was deleted from the cell? (Be as specific as you can) b. What would happen if MinD was deleted from the cell? (Be as specific as you can) c. What would happen if MinE was deleted from the cell? (Be as specific as you can) 2. What would happen if SulA was deleted from a bacterial cell? 3. If a culture had 150 cells to begin with, how many cells would be present after 6 generations? 4. If a culture had 4 cells to begin with and has a generation time of 60 minutes, how long would it take to get 1,048,576 cells? (Although we didn't learn this explicitly, between you, google, and your long lost math skills, I know you can do it). 5. Describe the four phases of bacterial cell division. a. Where would horizontal gene transfer occur? b. Where would sporogenesis occur? c. If antibiotics generally target cells which are growing and dividing as fast as they…If a cell is deficient of REC8, how would this affect the chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis? Explain.8) You perform flow cytometry on a population of cells treated with a mutagen to identify new factors required for cell cycle progression. You isolate two new mutants that display a change in the rate of the cell cycle. You measure DNA content with flow cytometry from a control cell population as well as from these two mutants. The results from this experiment are shown below. Control Mutant 1 Mutant 2 1 Relative amount of DNA per cell Use these data to answer the following questions. 1) If you measured levels of M-cyclin protein from these different populations, which would have the HIGHEST. a. Control b. Mutant 1 c. Mutant 2 2) After genome sequencing, you identify a loss-of-function mutation in Cdc20 in one of these cell populations. Based on these data, which population would you expect to have this mutation? a. Mutant 1 b. Mutant 2 3) If DNA damage is sensed during replication and cell cycle progression is stopped, which of the graphs would you expect to observe? a. Control b.…
- Item 12 12 of 15 Part A A series of hybrid cell lines was created by somatic human-mouse somatic cell hybridization. Each cell line (numbers 7, 12, 17, 28, and 32) was examined for the presence of human chromosomes and for the ability to produce an enzyme. The fresults shown below were obtained. On the basis of these results, which human chromosome has the gene that encodes the enzyme? Human Chromosomes Present Cell Line 7 4 5 6 7 Enzyme production Yes 1 2 3 8 10 + + 12 Yes 17 Yes 28 No 32 + Yes chromosome 8 chromosome 5 chromosome 1 chromosome 4 chromosome 10 Submit Request Answer Provide Feedback NextQuestion 5 Describe briefly the TWO distinct roles of the v-SNARE and t-SNARE proteins in vesicle transport. O They generate mechanical forces needed for budding the vesicles O They provide mechanical forces needed for transporting vesicles in the cytosol O They provide specificity by matching particular membrane compartments O They hydrolyze GTP to allow vesicles to pinch off a membrane compartment O They generate mechanical forces needed for fusing different membrane compartments O They enable vesicle cargo to be concentrated with its receptorantify each stage of mitosis shown below: b ck - 1.8 Esc Fr 1 A F1 2 LM (1600x) W S F2 Ett m 3 E b. F3 R F4 % 5 T G LM (1600x) F5 > Y H F6 & 7 D ㄱ F7 * 8 9 K F8 LM (1600x) DELL O d. L F9 F10 + 11 12 LM (1 F11 DI } 1