6) An experiment has been performed to determine the porosity of an unconsolidated sandpack Distilled water was poured into a graduated cylinder to a height . Fine sand of average grain size of 150 μm was poured into the graduated cylinder to a height, to form the sandpack. It was found that the water in the graduated cylinder rose to a height after the sand was poured into the cylinder a. Derive the expression for the porosity of the sandpack in terms of h, and h b. Given h₁ = 5 cm and hy = 8 cm calculate the mumerical value of the porosity of the sandpack c. What is your best estimate of the permeability of the sandpack? Please give a numerical answer and briefly outline how you made the estimate.

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Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.