6 1 -3 0; λ = 2,3,5 6-1 6-6 5

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Question
**Diagonalize the following matrix. The real eigenvalues are given to the right of the matrix.**

\[
\begin{bmatrix}
6 & 1 & -3 \\
6 & -1 & 0 \\
6 & -6 & 5
\end{bmatrix}; \quad \lambda = 2, 3, 5
\]

---

Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice.

- **A.**  
  For \( P = \, \boxed{\,}\), \( D = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix} \).  
  (Simplify your answer.)

- **B.**  
  The matrix cannot be diagonalized.
Transcribed Image Text:**Diagonalize the following matrix. The real eigenvalues are given to the right of the matrix.** \[ \begin{bmatrix} 6 & 1 & -3 \\ 6 & -1 & 0 \\ 6 & -6 & 5 \end{bmatrix}; \quad \lambda = 2, 3, 5 \] --- Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. - **A.** For \( P = \, \boxed{\,}\), \( D = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix} \). (Simplify your answer.) - **B.** The matrix cannot be diagonalized.
Expert Solution
Step 1: To find the eigenvector:

T h e space m a t r i x space A equals open square brackets table row 6 1 cell negative 3 end cell row 6 cell negative 1 end cell 0 row 6 cell negative 6 end cell 5 end table close square brackets space h a s space t h e space e i g e n v a l u e s space lambda equals 2 comma 3 comma 5.
N e x t space o n e space s h o u l d space f i n d space t h e space e i g e n v e c t o r s space c o r e s p o n d i n g space t o space t h e space e i g e n v a l u e s colon
F o r space t h a t space o n e space m u s t space f i n d space t h e space n u l l space s p a c e space o f space t h e space m a t r i x space left parenthesis A minus lambda I subscript 3 right parenthesis.
F o r space lambda equals 2 comma space left parenthesis A minus 2 I subscript 3 right parenthesis equals open square brackets table row 4 1 cell negative 3 end cell row 6 cell negative 3 end cell 0 row 6 cell negative 6 end cell 3 end table close square brackets
A p p l y space e l e m e n t a r y space r o w space o p e r a t i o n s space o n space space left parenthesis A minus 2 I subscript 3 right parenthesis space t o space r e d u c e space i t space t o space i t s space r r e f.
open square brackets table row 4 1 cell negative 3 end cell row 6 cell negative 3 end cell 0 row 6 cell negative 6 end cell 3 end table close square brackets space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space R apostrophe subscript 1 equals 1 fourth R subscript 1
open square brackets table row 1 cell 1 fourth end cell cell negative 3 over 4 end cell row 6 cell negative 3 end cell 0 row 6 cell negative 6 end cell 3 end table close square brackets space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space R apostrophe subscript 2 space equals R subscript 2 minus 6 R subscript 1 comma space R apostrophe subscript 3 space equals R subscript 3 minus 6 R subscript 1
open square brackets table row 1 cell 1 fourth end cell cell negative 3 over 4 end cell row 0 cell negative 9 over 2 end cell cell 9 over 2 end cell row 0 cell negative 15 over 2 end cell cell 15 over 2 end cell end table close square brackets space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space R apostrophe subscript 2 equals negative 2 over 9 R subscript 2
open square brackets table row 1 cell 1 fourth end cell cell negative 3 over 4 end cell row 0 1 cell negative 1 end cell row 0 cell negative 15 over 2 end cell cell 15 over 2 end cell end table close square brackets space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space R apostrophe subscript 1 equals R subscript 1 minus 1 fourth R subscript 2 comma space R apostrophe subscript 3 equals R subscript 3 plus 15 over 2 R subscript 2
open square brackets table row 1 0 cell negative 1 half end cell row 0 1 cell negative 1 end cell row 0 0 0 end table close square brackets space space space

H e n c e space t h e space e i g e n v e c t o r space i s space u equals open square brackets table row cell 1 half end cell row 1 row 1 end table close square brackets

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