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Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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### Problem (c)

**Task**: Find the domain and range of \( f \). Write each answer as an interval or union of intervals.

- **Domain:** [Input box for answer]
- **Range:** [Input box for answer]

**Instructions**: Specify the domain and range of the function \( f \) using interval notation. Explain each element as either an interval or a union of intervals.
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem (c) **Task**: Find the domain and range of \( f \). Write each answer as an interval or union of intervals. - **Domain:** [Input box for answer] - **Range:** [Input box for answer] **Instructions**: Specify the domain and range of the function \( f \) using interval notation. Explain each element as either an interval or a union of intervals.
### Understanding Rational Functions Through Graphs

This graph represents a rational function, which is a function of the form \( f(x) = \frac{p(x)}{q(x)} \), where \( p(x) \) and \( q(x) \) are polynomials. 

#### Key Features of the Graph:

1. **Axes and Orientation:**
   - The horizontal axis is labeled as \( x \).
   - The vertical axis is labeled as \( y \).
   - There is a heavy dashed line on the vertical (y-axis) at \( x = 1 \), indicating a vertical asymptote.
   - There is another heavy dashed line on the horizontal (x-axis) at \( y = 1 \), suggesting a horizontal asymptote.

2. **Curve Behavior:**
   - **Left Side of the Vertical Asymptote (\( x = 1 \)):** 
     - As \( x \) approaches 1 from the left, the curve moves upwards towards infinity.
     - For negative values of \( x \), the curve remains below the horizontal asymptote (\( y = 1 \)) and asymptotically approaches it.
   - **Right Side of the Vertical Asymptote (\( x = 1 \)):**
     - As \( x \) approaches 1 from the right, the curve moves downwards towards negative infinity.
     - For values of \( x \) greater than 1, the curve lies above the horizontal asymptote, approaching it as \( x \) increases.

3. **Asymptotes:**
   - **Vertical Asymptote at \( x = 1 \):** The function approaches but never touches or crosses this line. It splits the graph into two distinct sections.
   - **Horizontal Asymptote at \( y = 1 \):** The curve gets closer to this line as it extends further to the left and right on the x-axis. This line represents the end-behavior of the function as \( x \) approaches positive or negative infinity.

#### Mathematical Insights:
Understanding the asymptotic behavior and graphical features of rational functions allows for predictions about behavior in real-world applications such as physics, engineering, and economics. Vertical asymptotes often indicate points of discontinuity or significant change, while horizontal asymptotes can indicate stability or saturation levels.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Rational Functions Through Graphs This graph represents a rational function, which is a function of the form \( f(x) = \frac{p(x)}{q(x)} \), where \( p(x) \) and \( q(x) \) are polynomials. #### Key Features of the Graph: 1. **Axes and Orientation:** - The horizontal axis is labeled as \( x \). - The vertical axis is labeled as \( y \). - There is a heavy dashed line on the vertical (y-axis) at \( x = 1 \), indicating a vertical asymptote. - There is another heavy dashed line on the horizontal (x-axis) at \( y = 1 \), suggesting a horizontal asymptote. 2. **Curve Behavior:** - **Left Side of the Vertical Asymptote (\( x = 1 \)):** - As \( x \) approaches 1 from the left, the curve moves upwards towards infinity. - For negative values of \( x \), the curve remains below the horizontal asymptote (\( y = 1 \)) and asymptotically approaches it. - **Right Side of the Vertical Asymptote (\( x = 1 \)):** - As \( x \) approaches 1 from the right, the curve moves downwards towards negative infinity. - For values of \( x \) greater than 1, the curve lies above the horizontal asymptote, approaching it as \( x \) increases. 3. **Asymptotes:** - **Vertical Asymptote at \( x = 1 \):** The function approaches but never touches or crosses this line. It splits the graph into two distinct sections. - **Horizontal Asymptote at \( y = 1 \):** The curve gets closer to this line as it extends further to the left and right on the x-axis. This line represents the end-behavior of the function as \( x \) approaches positive or negative infinity. #### Mathematical Insights: Understanding the asymptotic behavior and graphical features of rational functions allows for predictions about behavior in real-world applications such as physics, engineering, and economics. Vertical asymptotes often indicate points of discontinuity or significant change, while horizontal asymptotes can indicate stability or saturation levels.
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